Title: Japanese / Yookoso.com Grammar (jGram) (male audio) (part 2)

Front: sobakara
そばから, 傍から
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
そばから, 傍から
Meaning: as soon as, right after
Example: The child messes up [the room] (repeatedly) as soon as I clean so I already became wanting to give up.
JLPT Level: 1
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- vru+soba kara
vta+soba kara
— contributed by: drjuly
Examples
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Alternatively, view this page on Rikai.com
- The child messes up [the room] (repeatedly) as soon as I clean so I already became wanting to give up.
子供が掃除するそばから散らかすから、もうあきらめたくなった。
— contributed by: Sasato
- 私は聞いたそばから人の名前を忘れてしまう。
I forget the person's name as soon as I hear it.
— contributed by: nasu
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User Comments
- Can't say for sure, but examples like 言ったそばから seem to be used in an exasperated sense, sort of like "Dang it, I just told you!" or "Wouldn't you know, as soon as I said..." [Comments appreciated]
— contributed by: etihwttam
- Can't say for sure, but examples like 言ったそばから seem to be used in an exasperated sense, sort of like "Dang it, I just told you!" or "Wouldn't you know, as soon as I said..." [Comments appreciated]
— contributed by: etihwttam
Acknowledgments
The sofware code used to make this page uses David 'DC' Collier's jGram Japanese Grammar Database. Visit the jGram site to find more grammar entries or to add your own!
Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: sobakara
tagJ: そばから, 傍から
tagH: そばから
expE: as soon as, right after
expJ: とすぐに
noteE: The child messes up [the room] (repeatedly) as soon as I clean so I already became wanting to give up.
JLPT: 1

Front: toomoikiya
と思いきや (とおもいきや)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
と思いきや (とおもいきや)
Meaning: "thought so, but" OR, "would have thought so/imagined, but didn't"
Example: I thought this restaurant would be cheap but (surprisingly) the bill was over 5,000 yen.
JLPT Level: 1
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- This is a grammar I learned out of a book and was surprised to actually hear it used in real life on a number of occasions. You use this grammar when you think one thing, but much to your astonishment, things actually turn out to be very different. You use it in the same way as you would express any thoughts, by using the quotation 「と」 and 「思う」. The only difference is that you use 「思いきや」 instead of 「思う」. There is no tense in 「思いきや」, or rather, since the results have already went against your expectations, the original thought is implicitely understood to be past tense. (from Taekim)
— contributed by: Sasato
- Ref # Kanzen Master Level 1 - p25 - no.28
— contributed by: LR
- き is a particle indicating past tense, and や is a particle meaning "but" "however" etc. This is a leftover from older Japanese, since both are no longer commonly used in modern Japanese except in this particular phrase.
— contributed by: Tosiaki
Examples
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- 昼間だから絶対込んでいると思いきや、一人もいなかった。
Despite having thought that it must be crowded since it was afternoon, (surprisingly) not a single person was there
— contributed by: Sasato
- このレストランは安いと思いきや、会計は5千円以上だった！
I thought this restaurant would be cheap but (surprisingly) the bill was over 5,000 yen!
— contributed by: Sasato
- 雪国で育った彼のことだから、さぞかしスキーがうまいだろうと思いきや、滑っては転び、滑っては転びの繰り返しだった
For someone brought up in a snowy country, you'd think he'd be great at skiing, but he just slips and falls, slips and falls.
— contributed by: LR
- 老後は退職金の蓄えで安泰だと思いきや、インフレで預金が目減りしてしまった。
In my remaining years I thought I could live in peace and security from the stores of my retirement savings, but to my surprise , inflation has diminished the value of my savings.
— contributed by: LR
- A チームの勝利で試合終了かと思いきや、最後に大逆転が起こった。
I thought that maybe the tournament would end with a win for team A, but surprisingly, it ended in a huge turn in the opposite direction.
— contributed by: LR
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User Comments
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Acknowledgments
The sofware code used to make this page uses David 'DC' Collier's jGram Japanese Grammar Database. Visit the jGram site to find more grammar entries or to add your own!
Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: toomoikiya
tagJ: と思いきや
tagH: とおもいきや
expE: thought so, but OR, "would have thought so/imagined, but didn't"
expJ: 想像したろうか、いや、しなかった。思ったろうか、いや、思わなかった。
noteE: I thought this restaurant would be cheap but (surprisingly) the bill was over 5,000 yen.
JLPT: 1

Front: toshitatokorode toshitatte nishitatokorode
~としたところで, ~としたって, ~にしたところで
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
~としたところで, ~としたって, ~にしたところで
Meaning: even if, though
Example: Even if all the members participated, there'd still only be about 20 persons
JLPT Level: 1
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- Ref # Kanzen Master Level 1 - p28 - no.29
— contributed by: LR
- Ref # A Dictionary of Advanced Japanese Grammar p423
— contributed by: LR
Examples
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- 全員が参加するとしたところで、せいぜい２０人位だ.
Even if all the members participated, there'd still only be about 20 persons
— contributed by: Sasato
- 彼は日本語を20年も勉強しているが、その彼にしたところで、まだ分からない文法に時々出くわすそうだ。
He has studied Japanese for 20 years, but he told me that even he enccounters grammar he doesn't understand.
— contributed by: LR
- 三島由紀夫は産湯に浸かった記憶があると書いているが、彼にしたところで、死ぬまでのすべての記憶がある訳ではない。
Yukio Mishima wrote that he remembered taking his first bath as a baby, but there's no way even he remembered everything he did from birth until death.
— contributed by: LR
- 彼がどんなに歌が得意としたって、素人の域を出ていないよ。
However good his singing is, the fact is he hasn't left the realms of an amateur.
— contributed by: LR
- わたしにしたって、その問題については、どうしたりいかわからにんです。
Even I don't know what the right thing to do is when it comes to that problem
— contributed by: LR
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- imasara-tatokorode (
[imasara-tatokorode] also means "even if" but the usage is for things where, doing the first part of the sentence before tatokorode is a fruitless action.
[toshitatokorode toshitatte nishitatokorode] etc. which has a slightly different nuance meaning even though the first part of the sentence is NOT a wasted effort, the final result doesn't satisfy.)
User Comments
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Acknowledgments
The sofware code used to make this page uses David 'DC' Collier's jGram Japanese Grammar Database. Visit the jGram site to find more grammar entries or to add your own!
Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: toshitatokorode toshitatte nishitatokorode
tagJ: ~としたところで, ~としたって, ~にしたところで
expE: even if, though
expJ: としても
noteE: Even if all the members participated, there'd still only be about 20 persons
JLPT: 1

Front: towazu
問わず (とわず)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
問わず (とわず)
Meaning: regardless of
Example: "regardless of whatever it is"
JLPT Level: 2
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- 【にかかわらず】
1 Nにかかわらず
天候、性別、年齢など、異なりを含んで成り立つ名詞を受けて、「その違いに関係なく」「その違いを問題とせずに」という意味を浮ｷ。
2 ...にかかわらず〔略〕
【を問わず】
Nを問わず
「それに関係なく」「それを問題にせず」という意味を浮ｷ。「昼夜」「男女」など対になった名詞が使われることが多い。次のように「Nはとわず」の形となることもある。
（例）（アルバイトの広告で）販売員募集。性別は問わず。
上記がたたき台になるでしょうか。私には、すぐには両者の違いを明瞭にするアイデアが浮かびませんが。
— contributed by: sureshnihon
- 「男女を問わず募集します」とは言っても「男女にかかわらず募集します」というのは何か変ですよね。
「ナンニョニ　カカワラズ　ココニ　イルベカラズ」（和英語林集成）はよくて「男女を問わずここに立ち入るべからず」は……？
「○○を問わず××」は、○○はどちらであってもかまわないから、××します。
「○○にかかわらず××」は、○○がどちらであろうとなかろうと、××します。
なんて感じですけれど、こじつけかもしれません。
— contributed by: sureshnihon
Examples
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- その小説は、年齢や性別を問わず,多くの人々に読まれている.
The novel is being read by a lot of people regardless of the age or sex.
— contributed by: sureshnihon
- 彼女は問わず語りに自分の経歴を話した。
Without being asked, she told me her history.
— contributed by: karekano
- 小父さんは問わず語りに身の上話をした。
The old man voluntarily told me the story of his life.
— contributed by: karekano
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- にかかわらず (最近聞かなくなりましたが、古紙回収の車が「古新聞、古雑誌、ぼろぎれなどございましたら、多少にかかわらずお声をおかけください」というようなアナウンスをしていたのが耳に残っています。これは「×多少を問わずお声をおかけください」とは言えません。「多少を問わず回収にまいります」ならばOKです。実際に「問う」すなわち「質問する」ことがあるかどうかが関ってくるのでしょう。古新聞を出す側は、「新聞の量が多いか少ないか」は自分のことであって分かっているので、「×多少を問わず回収業者を呼び止める」と阜ｻすることはないのでしょう。)
User Comments
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Acknowledgments
The sofware code used to make this page uses David 'DC' Collier's jGram Japanese Grammar Database. Visit the jGram site to find more grammar entries or to add your own!
Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: towazu
tagJ: 問わず
tagH: とわず
expE: regardless of
expJ: "ni-kakawarazu", "o-towazu", "ni-yorazu"
noteE: "regardless of whatever it is"
JLPT: 2

Front: tomokaku
兎も角 (ともかく)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
兎も角 (ともかく)
Meaning: anyhow; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case
Example: anyhow,I don't care about the result, ...
JLPT Level: 2
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- とも‐かく
［副］
１ とにかく。ともかくも。
　「うまくいくかどうか、≠竄ﾁてみよう」
２ （「…はともかく」の形で）…は別として。…はさておき。
　「交通の便は＝A閑静でいい」
◆「兎も角」とも当てて書く。
— contributed by: sureshnihon
Examples
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- 試合の結果はともかく,最後までみんなよくがんばった。
No matter what the result was, every one has done their best.
— contributed by: sureshnihon
- 彼女の作ったケーキは、ともかく見た目は味は大変いい。
The cake she made is delicious, regardless of what it may look like.
— contributed by: inakaluke
- 勝てるかどうかはともかくとして、試合に出られるだけでうれしい。
Whether we're winning or not, at any rate I'm just happy to get in the game.
— contributed by: inakaluke
- ともかくお電話します。
Anyway, I`ll call you.
— contributed by: karekano
- ともかく私について来なさい。
Just follow me.
— contributed by: karekano
- 彼は遅刻はしたが、ともかくやって来た。
He was late, but at least he came.
— contributed by: karekano
- ともかくすぐ出発する。
At any rate I`ll start right away.
— contributed by: karekano
- １０年前ならともかく、今はそんな服は着られない。
Whatever the case may have been ten years ago, we can`t wear such dress now.
— contributed by: karekano
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User Comments
- Shouldn't ex #7816 be 「ケーキはともかく,」？
— contributed by: gren
Acknowledgments
The sofware code used to make this page uses David 'DC' Collier's jGram Japanese Grammar Database. Visit the jGram site to find more grammar entries or to add your own!
Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: tomokaku
tagJ: 兎も角
tagH: ともかく
expE: anyhow; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case
expJ: 「それはともかく」、「ともかく無事でよかった」など、“
noteE: anyhow,I don't care about the result, ...
JLPT: 2

Front: hitoridemoooku
一人でも多く (ひとりでもおおく)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
一人でも多く (ひとりでもおおく)
Meaning: More than one person
Example: 1円でも多くのお金をためたいです。夏休みに多くの人が海へ行きます
JLPT Level: 2
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
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Acknowledgments
The sofware code used to make this page uses David 'DC' Collier's jGram Japanese Grammar Database. Visit the jGram site to find more grammar entries or to add your own!
Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: hitoridemoooku
tagJ: 一人でも多く
tagH: ひとりでもおおく
expE: More than one person
expJ: たくさんの人
noteE: 1円でも多くのお金をためたいです。夏休みに多くの人が海へ行きます
JLPT: 2

Front: kagirida
限りだ (かぎりだ)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
限りだ (かぎりだ)
Meaning: extremely
Example: I am extremely mortified to have failed my exam
JLPT Level: 2
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
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Examples
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- 試験にパスできなくて、悔しい限りだ。
I am extremely mortified to have failed my exam
— contributed by: Sasato
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Acknowledgments
The sofware code used to make this page uses David 'DC' Collier's jGram Japanese Grammar Database. Visit the jGram site to find more grammar entries or to add your own!
Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: kagirida
tagJ: 限りだ
tagH: かぎりだ
expE: extremely
expJ: とても、たいへん、きわめて
noteE: I am extremely mortified to have failed my exam
JLPT: 2

Front: Adana, Nikkuneemu
あだ名 (綽名・渾名)、ニックネーム (あだな、にっくねーむ)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
あだ名 (綽名・渾名)、ニックネーム (あだな、にっくねーむ)
Meaning: nick name
Example: People and pets are often given nicknames.
JLPT Level: 4
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- Sometimes names of your friends or pets are often shortened and known exclusively to your ingroup.In Japanese, this is normally done by shortening the given to half it's size and is common to have an abrupt sound っ in it. For example, if your friend is Tatsuki you might have called here Tatchan ever since you've known each other and has lasted to the present day. I also teach Japanese at www.freewebs.com/kanjiwebs/ which is great for beginners. Not so much as good as this place as it's only 3 months old.
— contributed by: IMABI
- Intriguingly, the same word with different kanji 徒名 means "rumor of a romance."
— contributed by: blutorange
Examples
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- 身長が高いから、私のあだ名は「ラクダ」です。
My nick name is Camel because i am very tall.
— contributed by: deenfirdoushrifqa
- あだ名で呼ばないで下さい。
o not call me by nickname
— contributed by: deenfirdoushrifqa
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User Comments
- How is this entry supposed to be of use?
— contributed by: Kenny
- I think it's a useful information, because as a foreigner, you wouldn't want to get a bad impression by mistakenly called a Japanese person by his 徒名 when you didn't know him well :-)
— contributed by: suaracahaya
- This is more of a culture piece, not grammar. Anyone who studies Japanese or reads about Japanese culture should be able to note this difference. On top of that, this seems more like an entry for someone to advertise their website instead of teaching us something useful. Also, 徒名 isn't used for nickname. Double checking the dictionary, 徒名 is rumor of a romance. あだ名 is used for nickname. This entry is very poorly constructed and should be highly revised or deleted.
— contributed by: calltometal
- I agree with calltometal. This article doesn't contribute anything of linguistic importance and nicknames are a social construct as opposed to a grammatical one.
— contributed by: ahlec
Acknowledgments
The sofware code used to make this page uses David 'DC' Collier's jGram Japanese Grammar Database. Visit the jGram site to find more grammar entries or to add your own!
Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: Adana, Nikkuneemu
tagJ: あだ名 (綽名・渾名)、ニックネーム
tagH: あだな、にっくねーむ
expE: nick name
expJ: 他人を親しんで、本名以外につける名。
noteE: People and pets are often given nicknames.
JLPT: 4

Front: mukeni
向けに (むけに)
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向けに (むけに)
Meaning: for, aimed at
Example: JP: これは幼児向けに書かれた本です。 - EN: This is a book that was written for toddlers.
JLPT Level: 2
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
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Examples
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- このマンションは一人暮らしの高齢者向けに設計されています。
This house is designed for senior citizens who live alone.
— contributed by: Stjenjen
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User Comments
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Acknowledgments
The sofware code used to make this page uses David 'DC' Collier's jGram Japanese Grammar Database. Visit the jGram site to find more grammar entries or to add your own!
Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: mukeni
tagJ: 向けに
tagH: むけに
expE: for, aimed at
noteE: JP: これは幼児向けに書かれた本です。 - EN: This is a book that was written for toddlers.
JLPT: 2

Front: toareba
〜とあれば
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
〜とあれば
Meaning: "if it happens to be" • since it is a special condition
Example: If you happen to have a large body and strong legs, you are the ideal shape for a rugby player
JLPT Level: 1
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- Ref # Kanzen Master Level 1 - p16 - no.14
— contributed by: LR
Examples
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- だれも行かないとあれば、わたしが行くしかないだろう。
if it is so that no one goes, then there is nothing for it but for me to go
— contributed by: inukokoro
- 遠来の客が来るとあれば、腕をふるってご馳走を用意しましょう
if a customer is coming from far away, let's show them what we can do and prepare a real treat
— contributed by: inukokoro
- 彼女の両親が来るとあれば、部屋をきれいにしなければならない。
If my girlfriend's parents happen to come to stay, I must make the apartment clean
— contributed by: LR
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User Comments
- Is this the same as "[to atte"?]
— contributed by: lucinda lohmanoota
- Hi Lucinda,
The two look very similar. The main difference I can see is that the clause that follows [to atte] is usually quite descriptive and not very disputable - "(in the special condition) of the summer holidays, the tourist spots are crowded"
Where as clauses that follow [to areba] seem to be more like opinions or necessary actions as a result of the clause before [to areba] - like "if (in the special condition that) tourists are coming from far away we should make an effort".
If you find any sentences that clarify this, please post!
— contributed by: LR
Acknowledgments
The sofware code used to make this page uses David 'DC' Collier's jGram Japanese Grammar Database. Visit the jGram site to find more grammar entries or to add your own!
Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: toareba
tagJ: 〜とあれば
expE: if it happens to be • since it is a special condition
expJ: 〜普通とは違う特別な状況が条件になっていることを表す。後ろには、その状況の時に当然起ころ予想される状況や講堂を表す文がくる。
noteE: If you happen to have a large body and strong legs, you are the ideal shape for a rugby player
JLPT: 1

Front: tomonaruto
ともなると
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
ともなると
Meaning: When it comes to (special situation), Naturally, (X) follows
Example: When it comes to the cherry blossom season, the park is packed with cherry blossom viewers
JLPT Level: 1
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- Ref # Kanzen Master Level 1 - p17 - no.15
— contributed by: LR
- Ref # A Dictionary of Advanced Japanese Grammar p401
— contributed by: LR
- (X) + tomonaruto is used when a situation or thing expressed by (X) is perceived as special. This meaning comes from the use of the particle mo as in:
a. 夜も更けていた (It was late at night)
b. 夏も終わってしまった (Summer is over now)
Note that the speaker feels special about yoru "night" in a. or natsu "summer" in b.
mo can be omitted from tomonaruto but it takes away the special significance
(Advanced Grammar Dictionary, p403)
— contributed by: LR
Examples
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- プロともなると体つきが変わってくるというが、目の前の彼女のきゃしゃで凛とした立ち姿からは、とても激しいダンスを一人で踊り通す人のようには見えない。
When you become a professional dancer, certain characteristics appear on your body, but looking at Kimura with her slim upright figure, she doesn't look like the vigorous dancing type.
— contributed by: mdobrin
- 大学へ進学するともなると、学問、バイト、サークルなど、人それぞれのライフスタイルができてくる。
When you enter college, each of you will develop your own lifestyle, with studies, work and club activities.
— contributed by: LR
- 桜の季節ともなると、この公園は花見客でにぎわう
When it comes to the cherry blossom season, the park is packed with cherry blossom viewers
— contributed by: LR
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- tomonareba
- nimonaruto
- nimonareba
User Comments
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Acknowledgments
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: tomonaruto
tagJ: ともなると
expE: When it comes to (special situation), Naturally, (X) follows
noteE: When it comes to the cherry blossom season, the park is packed with cherry blossom viewers
JLPT: 1

Front: Imada ni
未だに (いまだに)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
未だに (いまだに)
Meaning: Still, yet
Example: The old man still cherishes his old pen.
JLPT Level: 1
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- The same as mada and can be written in practice as 今だに which is technically incorrect. It is placed the same way as a regular adverb such as in the following
石油危機は未だに自動車産業に深刻な影響を与えている。Sekiyu Kiki wa imada ni jidousha sangyou ni shinkoku na eikyou wo ataete iru. The oil crisis is still being felt very severely by the motor industry.
— contributed by: IMABI
Examples
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- 御爺さんは未だに古いペンを愛用している。
The old man still cherishes his old pen.
— contributed by: IMABI
- 彼女は未だに帰宅していない。
She has not come home yet.
— contributed by: IMABI
- その祖父が買った時計は未だに調子がいいです。
That watch my grandfather bought is still in good condition.
— contributed by: IMABI
- その文化人類学者は「その州では未だに古い習慣が根強い。」だと言いました。
That anthropoligst said the old customs are still long standing in that province.
— contributed by: IMABI
- その傷は未だに治らない。
The wound is still not healed.
— contributed by: IMABI
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: Imada ni
tagJ: 未だに
tagH: いまだに
expE: Still, yet
expJ: 予想や期待とは違って、現在もその状態が続いているさま。今になってもまだ。今なお。
noteE: The old man still cherishes his old pen.
JLPT: 1

Front: gomottomo
ごもっとも
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
ごもっとも
Meaning: appropriate, absolutely right. Response to opinions one agrees with
Example: You may well say that
JLPT Level: 0
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- ごもっともです。
It is the best answer.
— contributed by: 8163Miyahara
Examples
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Alternatively, view this page on Rikai.com
- ごもっともです。
You are absolutely right!
— contributed by: Dom
- ごもっともな意見です。
That is a good opinion.
— contributed by: Dom
- あなたの仰ることはごもっともですが・・・
I respect your opinion, but・・・
— contributed by: 8145wada
- あなたのおっしゃる事はごもっともだ。
You may well say that.
— contributed by: 8111Koshio
- ごもっともです。
You're right.
— contributed by: 8097Terashima
- 貴方の意見はごもっともです
Your idea is absolutely right.
— contributed by: 6123Ono
- あなたの考えはごもっともですが、それはできません。
Your idea are good it, but it can't.
— contributed by: 8022Ikegami
- お怒りはごもっともです。
We can hardly blame you for getting angry.
— contributed by: 8049kataura
- 私の先生がそう言うのもごもっともだ。
My teacher is quite right in saying so.
— contributed by: 8173satou
- それはごもっともだけど、自分の意見は違います。
It is justifiable. But, my opinion is different.
— contributed by: 8184Yoshitomi
- お父さんが怒るのはごもっともです。
It is quite natural for your father to get angry.
— contributed by: 8223yoshida
- あなたのご指摘はごもっともです。
Your assignment is correct .
— contributed by: 8220Fukunaga
- あなたの意見はごもっともだと思います。
I respect your opinion.
— contributed by: 8073Takizawa
- ごもっともです。しかし私はこの意見を受け入れる事はできません。
You're right.But I can't accept this opinion.
— contributed by: 8163Miyahara
- ごもっともな話で、私もそう思います。
I agree with what you said.
— contributed by: 8167Otsuki
- あなたの言葉はごもっともです
Your words are absolutely right.
— contributed by: 7144tomoya
- あなたの主張はごもっともですが、採用することはできない。
Your affirmation is absolutely right, but I can't employ.
— contributed by: 8067Ota
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User Comments
- The English in ex #7415 (ごもっともです。 It is a vest answer) needs editing.
— contributed by: Dom
Acknowledgments
The sofware code used to make this page uses David 'DC' Collier's jGram Japanese Grammar Database. Visit the jGram site to find more grammar entries or to add your own!
Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: gomottomo
tagJ: ごもっとも
expE: appropriate, absolutely right. Response to opinions one agrees with
noteE: You may well say that
JLPT: 0

Front: samonaito
さもないと
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
さもないと
Meaning: or else, otherwise
Example: One should keep one's promise; otherwise no one will trust him or her
JLPT Level: 0
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
There are currently no notes for this grammar entry. Feel free to add your own if they will help other learners.
Examples
Note: visit WWWJDIC to lookup any unknown words found in the example(s)...
Alternatively, view this page on Rikai.com
- 謝りなさい。さもないと、怒りますよ。
Say you're sorry right now. Otherwise, I will be angry.
— contributed by: 8241Murayama
- このバスに乗らなくてはいけない、さもないと学校に遅刻してしまう。
I have to get on this bus, otherwise I'll be late for school.
— contributed by: 7068Oshima
- 私は急がなければなりません、さもないと、バスに遅れます。
I have to hurry up, otherwise I'll miss the bus.
— contributed by: 8166Isoya
- ボタンを留めなさい。さもないと、風邪をひきますよ。
Button up your coat, otherwise you will catch cold.
— contributed by: 8021Yoshida
- 英語を勉強しなさい、さもないとテストに落ちますよ。
Study English, otherwise you will fail the test.
— contributed by: 8018Murakami
- 急ぎなさい。さもないと学校に遅れます。
Hurry up, or you will be late for school.
— contributed by: 8127okawa
- ベッドから起きなさい。さもないと遅刻するよ。
Get out of bed or you will be late.
— contributed by: 8053Sugawara
- あなたはこの牛乳を飲まなければならない、さもないと腐るだろう。
You have to drink this milk, otherwise it will turn sour.
— contributed by: 8081moriya
- 早く起きなさい。さもないと遅れるよ。
Get up early. Otherwise, you will be late.
— contributed by: 8069Ochiai
- アナタは私の授業に出席しなければならない。さもないと、あなたは落第します。
You have to attend my class. Otherwise, you fail this class.
— contributed by: 7079Deguchi
- 草木を守るべきです。さもないと地球温暖化は悪くなるでしょう。
You should protect a plant, otherwise global warming will go from bad to worse.
— contributed by: 8185Watanabe
- あなたはこの課題をやらなければならない。さもないと成績が下がります。
You have to do this problem. Otherwise, your grades falls.
— contributed by: 8073Takizawa
- 起きなさい！さもないと仕事に遅刻しますよ。
Wake up! Otherwise you will be late for a workshop.
— contributed by: 8211Sakakibara
- ベストをつくしなさい。さもないと、あなたは負けますよ。
Do your best, otherwise you will lose a game.
— contributed by: 8089okita
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Acknowledgments
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: samonaito
tagJ: さもないと
expE: or else, otherwise
noteE: One should keep one's promise; otherwise no one will trust him or her
JLPT: 0

Front: kananika
か何か (かなにか)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
か何か (かなにか)
Meaning: or something like that
Example: A typhoon or something like that.
JLPT Level: 0
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
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Examples
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Alternatively, view this page on Rikai.com
- コーラか何かおごるよ。
Let me buy you a coke or something.
— contributed by: 8043Ikeda
- 私はアイスクリームかなにか食べたいです。
I want to eat ice creams or something.
— contributed by: 8081moriya
- そこには猿か何かいます。
There are monkeys or something there.
— contributed by: 8241Murayama
- 冷たい飲み物か何かください。
Please give me a cool drink or something.
— contributed by: 6176Mishina
- 野球か何かしたいです。
I want to play baseball or something.
— contributed by: 8181Harada
- コーヒーか何か飲みたい。
I want to drink coffee or something.
— contributed by: 8111Koshio
- 上着か何か持ってきた方がいいよ
You better bring a jacket or something.
— contributed by: 8049kataura
- サンドイッチか何か買ってきましょうか？
Shall I get you a sandwich or something?
— contributed by: 8021Yoshida
- あなたはペンか何か持ってませんか？
do you have the pen or something?
— contributed by: 8033chiba
- トランプか何かで遊びましょう！
Let's play cards or something!
— contributed by: 8223yoshida
- お菓子か何かあげるよ
I give you snack or something.
— contributed by: 8177Tsushima
- 私は水か何かが飲みたい。
I want to drink water or something.
— contributed by: 5168Nagai
- その箱の中にクモか何かが入っている。
There is a spider or something in the box.
— contributed by: 8067Ota
- りんごか何か果物を食べますか？
Would you like an apple or any other fruit?
— contributed by: 8163Miyahara
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Acknowledgments
The sofware code used to make this page uses David 'DC' Collier's jGram Japanese Grammar Database. Visit the jGram site to find more grammar entries or to add your own!
Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: kananika
tagJ: か何か
tagH: かなにか
expE: or something like that
noteE: A typhoon or something like that.
JLPT: 0

Front: ittai
一体 (いったい)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
一体 (いったい)
Meaning: why, who, what on earth~
Example: Why on earth did you do that?
JLPT Level: 0
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
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Examples
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Alternatively, view this page on Rikai.com
- いったいこれは誰の鉛筆ですか。
Whose pencil is this anyway?
— contributed by: 8097Terashima
- 一体どこに行ってたんだ？
Where on earth have you been?
— contributed by: 8184Yoshitomi
- 一体全体それは何ですか？
What in blue blazes is that?
— contributed by: 8065Eshima
- 一体なぜ昨日来なかったのか?
Why on earth didn't you come yesterday?
— contributed by: 8173satou
- 一体どうしたんですか
How on earth did you do? 　
— contributed by: 6123Ono
- 一体全体あれは何なんだ
What, in the name of heaven, is that?
— contributed by: 8167Otsuki
- あなたは一体なぜそんなことをするのですか？
Why are you doing anyway?
— contributed by: 8022Ikegami
- PSPって一体何だい？
What on earth is a PSP?
— contributed by: 8058Hatano
- 一体あの生き物は何なんでしょう？
What on earth is that living thing?
— contributed by: 8163Miyahara
- 一体、これはどういう意味。
What on earth does this mean?
— contributed by: 8145wada
- 一体、私は何をすればいいの？
What on earth should I do?
— contributed by: 8067Ota
- ワシの入れ歯は一体どこじゃ？
Where the hell are my dentures？
— contributed by: 8223yoshida
- Whose cell-phone is that anyway?
一体、あれは誰の携帯電話なんだ？
— contributed by: 7079Deguchi
- この部屋で一体何があったの？！
What was happen in this room?!
— contributed by: 7144tomoya
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There are currently no comments for this grammar entry. Feel free to add your own if they will help other learners.
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: ittai
tagJ: 一体
tagH: いったい
expE: why, who, what on earth~
noteE: Why on earth did you do that?
JLPT: 0

Front: nakerebanaranai
なければならない
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
なければならない
Meaning: must
Example: One must keep one's promises
JLPT Level: 0
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
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Examples
Note: visit WWWJDIC to lookup any unknown words found in the example(s)...
Alternatively, view this page on Rikai.com
- 私は宿題をしなければならない。
I must do my assignment.
— contributed by: 8033chiba
- 私は日本語を勉強しなければならない。
I have to study Japanese.
— contributed by: 8081moriya
- 私は今週、期末試験を受けなければならない。
I have to take my final exams this week.
— contributed by: 8097Terashima
- 私は朝食を食べなければならない。
I have to eat breakfast.
— contributed by: 7079Deguchi
- 私は10時ごろに出発しなければならない。
I have to get going at about 10
— contributed by: 8043Ikeda
- あなたは、彼のように努力しなければならない。
You have to make an effort like him.
— contributed by: 8166Isoya
- 急いで帰らなければならない。
I should hurry to go back home.
— contributed by: 6176Mishina
- 私はここにいなければならない。
I must be here.
— contributed by: 8220Fukunaga
- 私は銀行に行かなければならない。
I have to go to the bank.
— contributed by: 5168Nagai
- 私は日本語を勉強しなければならない。
I have to study Japanese.
— contributed by: 8211Sakakibara
- 私たちはこの仕事を今日中に終わらせなければならない。
We should end this work by the end of today.
— contributed by: 8163Miyahara
- あなたは家族のために働かなければならない。
You have to work for your family.
— contributed by: 8089okita
- 今日はもう帰らなければならない。
I must go home today.
— contributed by: 8067Ota
- 9時までに図書館に本を返さなければならない。
I must return these books to the library by 9 o'clock.
— contributed by: 8223yoshida
- 私は今日病院に行かなければならない。
I have to go to hospital today.
— contributed by: 8181Harada
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: nakerebanaranai
tagJ: なければならない
expE: must
noteE: One must keep one's promises
JLPT: 0

Front: takke
~たっけ
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
~たっけ
Meaning: was it~; did you say~
Example: What did you say your name was ?
JLPT Level: 0
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
There are currently no notes for this grammar entry. Feel free to add your own if they will help other learners.
Examples
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Alternatively, view this page on Rikai.com
- あれはそんなによかったっけ？
Was it that good?
— contributed by: 8058Hatano
- いつ映画を見にいったっけ？
When did we go to a movie?
— contributed by: 8049kataura
- どこまで話したっけ？
Where did I leave off?
— contributed by: 8053Sugawara
- ジョンの家はどこでしたっけ？
Where is John's house again?
— contributed by: 8018Murakami
- お昼ご飯何食べたっけ？
What did I eat lunch today?
— contributed by: 8027kudo
- おいくつでしたっけ？
How old are you again?
— contributed by: 8061Mouri
- これ前に言ったっけ？
Have I already told you this?
— contributed by: 8181Harada
- お宅はどこでしたっけ？
Where did you say your house was ?
— contributed by: 8177Tsushima
- 何でしたっけ？
What was that?
— contributed by: 8033chiba
- かぎ閉めましたっけ？
Do I forget and do not the key forget to close?
— contributed by: 8147Isobe
- 先生は昨日、何て言ったっけ？
What did my teacher say yesterday?
— contributed by: 8157Dogama
- お店で何を買ったっけ？
What did I buy in the store? Remind me.
— contributed by: 8223yoshida
- 彼そんなにかっこ良かったっけ？
Was he that nice looking ?
— contributed by: 8065Eshima
- 君は今日休むって言ったっけ？
Did you say that you will be absent today?
— contributed by: 7068Oshima
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There are currently no comments for this grammar entry. Feel free to add your own if they will help other learners.
Acknowledgments
The sofware code used to make this page uses David 'DC' Collier's jGram Japanese Grammar Database. Visit the jGram site to find more grammar entries or to add your own!
Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: takke
tagJ: ~たっけ
expE: was it~; did you say~
noteE: What did you say your name was ?
JLPT: 0

Front: sonoue
其の上 (そのうえ)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
其の上 (そのうえ)
Meaning: moreover; besides
Example: moreover she has to take an exam
JLPT Level: 0
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
There are currently no notes for this grammar entry. Feel free to add your own if they will help other learners.
Examples
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Alternatively, view this page on Rikai.com
- 私の先生がそう言うのもごもっともだ。
My teacher is quite absolutely right in saying so.
— contributed by: 8173satou
- 私の先生がそう言うのもごもっともだ。
My teacher is quite absolutely right in saying so.
— contributed by: 8173satou
- 私の先生がそう言うのもごもっともだ。
My teacher is quite absolutely right in saying so.
— contributed by: 8173satou
- 雨が降ってきました。その上悪いことに強い風が吹いてきました。
It began rain. To make matters worse, a strong wind was blowing.
— contributed by: 8027kudo
- 彼は英語を話せる。その上、フランス語も話せる。
He can speak English. In addition, he can speak French.
— contributed by: 8220Fukunaga
- 彼は階段からころげ落ちた。其の上足を折った。
He fell down the stairs, besides he broke his leg.
— contributed by: 8018Murakami
- その上、開花はわずか2日程度にすぎません。
Furthermore, it remains in bloom for no more than two days.
— contributed by: 8097Terashima
- この料理はおいしい。其の上安い。
This dish is delicious. In addition, it is cheap.
— contributed by: 8053Sugawara
- 其の上での決定です。
Moreover it is decided.
— contributed by: 8022Ikegami
- 彼はウェブページをデザインすることができる。其の上、それをプログラムすることもできる。
He can design of Web page. In addition , he can program it.
— contributed by: 8049kataura
- 彼女は携帯を落とした、その上、財布も落とした。
She lost her mobile phone. Moreover, she lost her wallet, too.
— contributed by: 8177Tsushima
- 今日は雨が降っている、其の上雷もなっている。
It is raining today and the thunder becomes it, too.
— contributed by: 8147Isobe
- 私は英語が話せる。其の上フランス語も話せる。
I can speak English. Moreover I can also speak French too.
— contributed by: 7068Oshima
- 雨が降っている。その上、雷も鳴っている。
It's raining. Moreover, there are thunders.
— contributed by: 8157Dogama
- 熱があります。其の上吐き気もあります。
I have a fever. Moreover I have nausea too.
— contributed by: 8223yoshida
- 彼は朝食を食べた。そのうえ、彼はケーキも食べた。
He ate a breakfast. Moreover, he ate a cake too.
— contributed by: 8185Watanabe
- 彼はかっこいい、その上勉強もできる。
He is nice looking and he is a good scholar too.
— contributed by: 8065Eshima
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: sonoue
tagJ: 其の上
tagH: そのうえ
expE: moreover; besides
noteE: moreover she has to take an exam
JLPT: 0

Front: toieba
と言えば (といえば)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
と言えば (といえば)
Meaning: speaking of ~
Example: Speaking of rain, what is the weather like tomorrow?
JLPT Level: 2
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
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Examples
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- 春と言えば、卒業の季節。
Speaking of spring, it is the season for graduation.
— contributed by: 8241Murayama
- 果物と言えばバナナだ。
Speaking of fruit, it is a banana.
— contributed by: 8069Ochiai
- 秋葉原といえば、アニメの聖地です。
Speaking of Akihabara, that is sacred to the animation.　
— contributed by: 8049kataura
- 初めてと言えば、あなたの料理を食べるのはこれが初めてです。
Speaking of first times, this is my first time tasting your dishes.
— contributed by: 8061Mouri
- 春といえば、思い浮かべるものは何ですか？
Speaking of spring, you know what that brings to mind?
— contributed by: 8184Yoshitomi
- 日本と言えば、島国だ。
Speaking of Japan, it is an island country.
— contributed by: 7068Oshima
- お金と言えば、彼はまたお金を借りたらしいよ。
Speaking of money, he borrowed money again.
— contributed by: 8053Sugawara
- ニューヨークといえば自由の女神像が有名です。
Speaking of New York, it is famous for the Statue of Liberty.
— contributed by: 8018Murakami
- ブラジルと言えばサッカーが有名だ。
Speaking of Brazil, it is famous for soccer.
— contributed by: 8111Koshio
- 2008年のオリンピックと言えば北京です。
Speaking of the Olympic in 2008, it is Peking.
— contributed by: 8027kudo
- 侍と言えば、刀だ。
Speaking of a samurai, it's the sword.
— contributed by: 8157Dogama
- ロシアと言えば、寒さで有名です。
Speaking of Russia,it is famous for cold winters.
— contributed by: 8223yoshida
- 沖縄と言えば美しい浜辺である。
Speaking of Okinawa,it is famous for beautiful beaches.
— contributed by: 8147Isobe
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The sofware code used to make this page uses David 'DC' Collier's jGram Japanese Grammar Database. Visit the jGram site to find more grammar entries or to add your own!
Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: toieba
tagJ: と言えば
tagH: といえば
expE: speaking of ~
noteE: Speaking of rain, what is the weather like tomorrow?
JLPT: 2

Front: noyou
の様 (のよう)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
の様 (のよう)
Meaning: seems like; looks like
Example: it looks like it is going to rain
JLPT Level: 0
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
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Examples
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- 彼はとてもあなたの様に見える。
He looks just like you.
— contributed by: 8065Eshima
- この店はとても盛況のようだね。
This shop looks like it is doing well.
— contributed by: 8058Hatano
- 彼はまるで王の様だった。
He looked like a　king.
— contributed by: 8181Harada
- 彼はお疲れの様だ。
He looks tired.
— contributed by: 6176Mishina
- 鬼の様な先生だ。
A teacher look a devil.
— contributed by: 8069Ochiai
- 彼女はまるで女王様のようだった。
She looked like a princess.
— contributed by: 8021Yoshida
- 彼は病気の様だ。
He looks like sick.
— contributed by: 8081moriya
- それはまるで夢の様だった。
It was all like a dream.
— contributed by: 8043Ikeda
- 彼はまるで日本人の様に日本語を話す。
He speaks Japanese just like a native.
— contributed by: 8166Isoya
- この犬は人間の様に大きないびきをかいている。
This dog snores loudly like a human.
— contributed by: 8223yoshida
- あなたは天使の様だ
You look like an angel.
— contributed by: 5168Nagai
- あの雲は鉛筆の様に見える。
That cloud looks like a pencil.
— contributed by: 7079Deguchi
- あなたの頬はリンゴの様に赤い。
Your cheek is red like the apple.
— contributed by: 8073Takizawa
- 彼は良い人の様だ。
He seems to be a nice guy.
— contributed by: 8127okawa
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: noyou
tagJ: の様
tagH: のよう
expE: seems like; looks like
noteE: it looks like it is going to rain
JLPT: 0

Front: gokensonwo
ご謙遜を (ごけんそんを)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
ご謙遜を (ごけんそんを)
Meaning: don't be modest
Example: don't be modest
JLPT Level: 0
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
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Examples
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- どうかご謙遜をなさらないで下さい。
Please don’t be modest.
— contributed by: 8111Koshio
- ご謙遜をする必要はありません。
No need to be modest.
— contributed by: 8241Murayama
- ご謙遜をあなたはすばらしい成果をあげましたよ。
Don't be so modest , you make a respectable showing.
— contributed by: 8167Otsuki
- ご謙遜を。あなただってたくさん働いているじゃないですか。
Don't be modest. You also work too hard.
— contributed by: 8061Mouri
- ご謙遜を。あなたほど歌が上手に歌える人はいない。
on't be modest. Nobody can sing like you.
— contributed by: 8033chiba
- ご謙遜をしないで。君の作品は素晴らしい。
Don't be modest. Your work is good.
— contributed by: 7079Deguchi
- ご謙遜を。誰もあなたを倒せやしませんよ。
Don't be modest. No one can beat you.
— contributed by: 8223yoshida
- ご謙遜を。みんなあなたがいい人だとわかっています。
Don't be modest. Everyone knows that you are a good person.
— contributed by: 8184Yoshitomi
- 私が思うに、あなたは先生方にご謙遜をするべきだ。
I think that you should be modest our theachrs.
— contributed by: 8173satou
- 彼はご謙遜をして...と言った。
He said... humbly .
— contributed by: 8145wada
- ご謙遜をしないでください
Please don't say modest.
— contributed by: 8177Tsushima
- ご謙遜を。あなたはとても良い人ですよ。
Ｄon't be modest.You are very nice guy!
— contributed by: 8127okawa
- ご謙遜を。あなたも美しいです
Please don't be modest. You are too beautiful.
— contributed by: 7144tomoya
- あなたはあの方に対してもっとご謙遜をしてください。
You should not be modest to the man.
— contributed by: 8163Miyahara
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User Comments
- ex #7278 is very sounds like English. What does the English sentence mean?
— contributed by: Dom
- English grammar or errors in
ex #7282, ex #7345, ex #7352, ex #7403, ex #7405, and ex #7407. Could the contributors kindly correct the English in these examples.
— contributed by: Dom
- ex #7419 あなたはあの方に対してもっとご謙遜をしてください。 you should not be modest for the man.
The Japanese sentence means the opposite of the English sentence!
— contributed by: Dom
- ex #7432 and ex #7433 seem to be part of the same example. Is this a dialogue? If so it should be re-written so that it is easier to understand.
— contributed by: Dom
Acknowledgments
The sofware code used to make this page uses David 'DC' Collier's jGram Japanese Grammar Database. Visit the jGram site to find more grammar entries or to add your own!
Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: gokensonwo
tagJ: ご謙遜を
tagH: ごけんそんを
expE: don't be modest
JLPT: 0

Front: manten
満点 (まんてん)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
満点 (まんてん)
Meaning: Full score
Example: I got full score on a math examination.
JLPT Level: 0
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: manten
tagJ: 満点
tagH: まんてん
expE: Full score
noteE: I got full score on a math examination.
JLPT: 0

Front: kata
-方 (-かた)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
-方 (-かた)
Meaning: how to _____, way to _____,
Example: teach me how to write this kanji
JLPT Level: 3
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
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Examples
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- 私は英語の手紙の書き方を知っています。
I know how to write a letter in English.
— contributed by: pedro_cristian
- この漢字の読み方を教えてください。
Please teach me how to read this kanji.
— contributed by: jaykun
- いろいろな人の考え方を見出すのが好きです。
I like to discover various people's way of thinking.
— contributed by: kitakaze
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: kata
tagJ: -方
tagH: -かた
expE: how to _____, way to _____,
noteE: teach me how to write this kanji
JLPT: 3

Front: douzo
どうぞ
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
どうぞ
Meaning: go ahead; be my guest
Example: be my guest
JLPT Level: 0
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
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Examples
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- どうぞお座りください。
Please sit down.
— contributed by: 8241murayama
- スナック菓子をご自由にどうぞ。
Help yourself to a snack.
— contributed by: 8097Terashima
- どうぞ座ったままで結構です。
Please keep your seats.
— contributed by: 8145wada
- どうぞごゆっくりしていってください。
You can stay as long as you like.
— contributed by: 8078Hirai
- どうぞ、おっしゃってください。
Go ahead and say it.
— contributed by: 8127Okawa
- どうぞここでくつろいでください
please relax　here.
— contributed by: 6123Ono
- どうぞこちらへ。
This way, please.
— contributed by: 8211Sakakibara
- 電話を貸していただけませんか？　さあ、どうぞ。
"May I use your telephone?" "Certainly, go ahead"
— contributed by: 8173satou
- お先にどうぞ(車に)お乗りください
Please ride a car, first.
— contributed by: 7144tomoya
- どうぞお静かに。
Let's have a bit of quiet, please.
— contributed by: 8033chiba
- スナック菓子をご自由にどうぞ。
Help yourself to a snack.
— contributed by: 8181Harada
- どうぞご自由にスープをお代わりしてください。
Help yourself to another cup of soup.
— contributed by: 8163Miyahara
- どうぞ、おくつろぎください。
Please, make yourself comfortable.
— contributed by: 8167Otsuki
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: douzo
tagJ: どうぞ
expE: go ahead; be my guest
noteE: be my guest
JLPT: 0

Front: gosinpainaku
ご心配なく (ごしんぱいなく)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
ご心配なく (ごしんぱいなく)
Meaning: do not worry
Example: do not worry
JLPT Level: 0
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
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Examples
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- 大丈夫？ - ご心配なく、大丈夫です。
Do you feel all right? - Don't worry . I'm OK.
— contributed by: 8241murayama
- 私のことはご心配なく。
Don't worry about me.
— contributed by: 8145wada
- ご心配なく。
Don't worry about it.
— contributed by: 8097Terashima
- これは私が何とかしますので、ご心配なく。
I will handle this. So, don't worry.
— contributed by: 8184Yoshitomi
- 細かい点は私たちが詰めますからご心配なく。
We sweat the details so you don't have to.
— contributed by: 8078Hirai
- もし、コンピューターが使えなくても、ご心配なく。
If you can not use a computer, don't worry.
— contributed by: 8127Okawa
- 私のことはご心配なく。もう大丈夫です。
on't trouble yourself about me. I'm all right.
— contributed by: 8173satou
- ご心配なく。なんでもすぐできるようになります。
Don't worry. You will be able to do everything soon.
— contributed by: 7144tomoya
- ご心配なく、私は元気です。
Don't worry. I'm fine.
— contributed by: 8177Tsushima
- 私のことはご心配なく。
on't worry about me.
— contributed by: 8033chiba
- ご心配なく。今日の気分は良いです。
on't worry about me.I am fine today.
— contributed by: 8163Miyahara
- これは安全なのでご心配無く。
This is the safety, so you don't worry.
— contributed by: 8111Koshio
- これは安全なのでご心配なく。
This is the safety, so you don't worry.
— contributed by: 8111Koshio
- 私が何とかするのでご心配なく。
Don't worry. you make it through all right thanks to me.
— contributed by: 8167Otsuki
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: gosinpainaku
tagJ: ご心配なく
tagH: ごしんぱいなく
expE: do not worry
JLPT: 0

Front: jikangatatsu
時間がたつ (じかんがたつ)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
時間がたつ (じかんがたつ)
Meaning: passing of time;
Example: time passes fast
JLPT Level: 0
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
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Examples
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- 時間がたつのも忘れちゃったよ
I lost track of time.
— contributed by: 8241murayama
- 私は時間がたつのを待った。
I waited for time to pass .
— contributed by: 8145wada
- 忙しいときは時間がたつのが早い。
Time passes quickly when you're busy.
— contributed by: 8184Yoshitomi
- 楽しいとき、時間がたつのは早い。
Time flies when you are having fun.
— contributed by: 8097Terashima
- コンデンサは時間がたつと電荷を失う。
Capacitors lose their charge over time.
— contributed by: 8078Hirai
- もう昼だ！時間がたつのは早いな。
It's already noon! It's early that time passed.
— contributed by: 8211Sakakibara
- 氷は時間がたつと水になる。
When time passes, ice changes water.
— contributed by: 8127Okawa
- 時間がたつというのはまるで矢のようだ。
Time flies like an arrow. 　
— contributed by: 6123Ono
- 時間がたつにつれて、ワインはおいしくなる
As time passes, the wine will become delicious.
— contributed by: 7144tomoya
- 時間がたつにつれ病気の症状は良くなる。
This sick symptom improves when time passes.
— contributed by: 8163Miyahara
- 私は時間が経つのを待つ。
I wait for time to pass.
— contributed by: 8033chiba
- 時間がたつにつれだんだん寒くなる
It will get colder as time passes.
— contributed by: 8167Otsuki
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: jikangatatsu
tagJ: 時間がたつ
tagH: じかんがたつ
expE: passing of time;
noteE: time passes fast
JLPT: 0

Front: kudasaimasenka
下さいませんか (くださいませんか)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
下さいませんか (くださいませんか)
Meaning: kudaisamasenka
Example: please
JLPT Level: 0
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
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Examples
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- わたしに飲み物を下さいませんか？
Please give me something to drink?
— contributed by: 7068Oshima
- 英語で自己紹介して下さいませんか？
Could you tell me about yourself in English?
— contributed by: 8241murayama
- その本を貸して下さいませんか？
Could you lend me the book?
— contributed by: 6176Mishina
- お代わりを下さいませんか？
Could you give me another one?
— contributed by: 8145wada
- もっとはっきり説明して下さいませんか？
Would you explain that more clearly?
— contributed by: 8061Mouri
- あなたの家族について少し話してくださいませんか。
Why don't you tell us a little bit about your family?
— contributed by: 8181Harada
- これを食べて下さいませんか？
Would you eat this please?
— contributed by: 8211Sakakibara
- あなたの体験談について少し話してくださいませんか。
Why don't you tell us a little bit about your narrative?
— contributed by: 8078Hirai
- そのやり方を教えて下さいませんか？
Could you show me how to do it?
— contributed by: 8127Okawa
- 私を紹介して下さいませんか？
Would you mind introducing me?
— contributed by: 8166Isoya
- ここにサインしてくださいませんか？
Could you give me a sign here?
— contributed by: 8081moriya
- もう少し詳しく説明して下さいませんか。
Would you elaborate it a little more, please?
— contributed by: 8073Takizawa
- お手数ですがあなたはこれを見てくださいませんか？
Will you have the goodness to look at this?
— contributed by: 8033chiba
- 使い方を教えて下さいませんか？
Can you teach me how to use it?
— contributed by: 8089okita
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: kudasaimasenka
tagJ: 下さいませんか
tagH: くださいませんか
expE: kudaisamasenka
noteE: please
JLPT: 0

Front: soumonai
そうもない
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
そうもない
Meaning: no way; impossible
Example: there is no way~
JLPT Level: 0
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
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Examples
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Alternatively, view this page on Rikai.com
- 今夜は眠れそうもない。
I don't think I can sleep tonight.
— contributed by: 8061Mouri
- 明日は雪が降りそうもない。
There is no way it snows tomorrow.
— contributed by: 8166Isoya
- 明日までにこの宿題を終われそうもない。
I don't think I can finish this homework by tomorrow.
— contributed by: 6176Mishina
- あまり期待できそうもない。
There is not much hope.
— contributed by: 8049kataura
- あなたは一度その映画を見たら、忘れそうもないでしょう。
Once you see the movie, you will never forget it.
— contributed by: 8181Harada
- 彼は助かりそうもない。
He may well do not help.
— contributed by: 8111Koshio
- 一度彼らの顔を見たら忘れそうもないな。
Once you see their faces, you will never forget them.
— contributed by: 8220Fukunaga
- 時間内にこの仕事をできそうもない。
I don't think that I could finish this task in time.
— contributed by: 8223yoshida
- 私じゃ戦えそうもない。
I am impossible to fight.
— contributed by: 8067Ota
- それには同意できそうもない。
There is no way I'd agree with that.
— contributed by: 8043Ikeda
- 明日雪は降りそうもない。
There will be not snow tomorrow.
— contributed by: 8081moriya
- 今夜は眠れそうもないです。
I just can't sleep tonight.
— contributed by: 8073Takizawa
- 彼は眠れそうもない。
He don't think I can sleep it.
— contributed by: 8022Ikegami
- もしかして財布を落としたかも。
Maybe I dropped down my wallet.
— contributed by: 7068Oshima
- わたしはあなたに勝てそうもない。
I don't think I can win you.
— contributed by: 7068Oshima
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User Comments
- 時間内に終わりそうもないと思う。
I'm afraid I can't finish them in time.
— contributed by: smallherb
Acknowledgments
The sofware code used to make this page uses David 'DC' Collier's jGram Japanese Grammar Database. Visit the jGram site to find more grammar entries or to add your own!
Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: soumonai
tagJ: そうもない
expE: no way; impossible
noteE: there is no way~
JLPT: 0

Front: mosikasite
もしかして
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
もしかして
Meaning: is it possible
Example: is it possible~
JLPT Level: 0
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
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Examples
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Alternatively, view this page on Rikai.com
- もしかして、あなたは社長ですか？
Are you the president, by any chance?
— contributed by: 8166Isoya
- もしかして名案じゃないかな。
Maybe it's a great idea.
— contributed by: 8241murayama
- もしかして財布を落としたかも。
Maybe I dropped down my wallet.
— contributed by: 7068Oshima
- もしかして鍵を失くしたのですか？
Do you happen to lose your key?
— contributed by: 6176Mishina
- あなた、もしかして、俳優？
Are you, by any chance , an actor?
— contributed by: 8145wada
- もしかして、なにか食べ物をもっていませんか？
Do you have any food, by any chance?
— contributed by: 8089okita
- もしかして、ジョンの家がどこにあるかご存知ですか？
Do you happen to know where John's house is?
— contributed by: 8061Mouri
- もしかして、電車に乗り遅れたせいじゃないの。
It's probably because you miss train .
— contributed by: 7079Deguchi
- もしかして、今日課題提出しなきゃいけない？
Is it possible should I bring up my homework today?
— contributed by: 8067Ota
- もしかして彼女に会うのならば、私に電話してください。
If you see her by any chance, please call me.
— contributed by: 8081moriya
- もしかして名案かもしれません。
Maybe it's a great idea.
— contributed by: 8073Takizawa
- もしかしてあなたはあの有名な吉田さんですか？
Are you the famous Mr. Yoshida, by any chance?
— contributed by: 8211Sakakibara
- もしかして誰か良い医者を知っていますか？
Do you happen to know any good doctors?
— contributed by: 8181Harada
- もしかして、池上さんの住所を覚えてない？
do you happen to remember the Ikegami's address off the top of your head?
— contributed by: 8033chiba
- もしかして鍵を失くしたのですか？
Did you happen to lose your key?
— contributed by: 6176mishina
- もしかして財布を落としたかも。
Maybe I lost my wallet.
— contributed by: 8167Otsuki
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Acknowledgments
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: mosikasite
tagJ: もしかして
expE: is it possible
noteE: is it possible~
JLPT: 0

Front: ~temoiidesuka
~てもいいですか
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
~てもいいですか
Meaning: do you mind if~
Example: do you mind if~
JLPT Level: 0
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
There are currently no notes for this grammar entry. Feel free to add your own if they will help other learners.
Examples
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Alternatively, view this page on Rikai.com
- このペンをお借りしてもいいですか？
May I borrow this pen?
— contributed by: 8021Yoshida
- 家に帰ってもいいですか？
May I go back home?
— contributed by: 5168Nagai
- 机の上のりんごを食べてもいいですか？
May I eat these apples on the table?
— contributed by: 8018Murakami
- ここに座ってもいいですか？
Do you mind if I sit here?
— contributed by: 8184Yoshitomi
- 先生に話してもいいですか？
Can I talk to my teacher?
— contributed by: 7079Deguchi
- ここでタバコを吸ってもいいですか？
Do you mind if I smoke here?
— contributed by: 8166Isoya
- 運転してもいいですか？
Do you mind if I drive?
— contributed by: 8089okita
- これ食べてもいいですか？
Can I eat this?
— contributed by: 8220Fukunaga
- 1000円札で払ってもいいですか？
Could I pay with a 1000 yen bill?
— contributed by: 8147Isobe
- あなたのお金を借りてもいいですか？
Do you mind if I borrow your money?
— contributed by: 8043Ikeda
- 終わってももいいですか?
o you mind if I finish?
— contributed by: 8067Ota
- 質問してもいいですか？
May I ask a question?
— contributed by: 8027kudo
- 自転車を借りてもいいですか？
Do you mind if I borow your bicycle?
— contributed by: 8223yoshida
- どこに未来大学があるか、聞いてもいいですか？
May I ask where I can find future university in hakodate?
— contributed by: 8022Ikegami
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Acknowledgments
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: ~temoiidesuka
tagJ: ~てもいいですか
expE: do you mind if~
JLPT: 0

Front: teshimaimashita
〜てしまいました
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
〜てしまいました
Meaning: ~tesimaimasita
Example: accidentally; unfortunately
JLPT Level: 0
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
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Examples
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Alternatively, view this page on Rikai.com
- 釘を打っていて誤って指を打ってしまいました。
I was hammering a nail and I accidentally hit my finger.
— contributed by: 8021Yoshida
- 彼は昨日風邪を引いてしまいました。
Unfortunately, he got a cold yesterday.
— contributed by: 8018Murakami
- 家の鍵を無くしてしまいました。
He accidentally lost the house key.
— contributed by: 8177Tsushima
- 最後の電子メールを受け取ってから1カ月も経ってしまいました
It has been a month since I received your last email.
— contributed by: 8049kataura
- ごめんなさい、スープをこぼしてしまいました。
Sorry, I spilt the soup.
— contributed by: 8220Fukunaga
- 宿題を家に忘れてしまいました。
I forgot my homework in my house.
— contributed by: 8157Dogama
- バカな買い物をしてしまいました。
I made a folly purchase.
— contributed by: 8111Koshio
- 私は財布を無くしてしまいました。
I accidentally dropped my a purse.
— contributed by: 8211Sakakibara
- 私は間違ってそのファイルの中身を消してしまいました。
I accidentally deleted the contents of the file.
— contributed by: 8184Yoshitomi
- 彼の名前を間違えてしまいました。
I made a mistake in his name.
— contributed by: 8027kudo
- 残念な事に私は首になってしまいました。
Unfortunately I got fired.
— contributed by: 8043Ikeda
- あいにくですが、ドラゴンクエスト９は売り切れてしまいました。
Sorry, but we are all DoragonQuest・sold out.
— contributed by: 8022Ikegami
- 宿題を忘れてしまいました。
I forgot to do my homework.
— contributed by: 8147Isobe
- 私は失敗してしまいました。
I accidentally failed .
— contributed by: 5168Nagai
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There are currently no comments for this grammar entry. Feel free to add your own if they will help other learners.
Acknowledgments
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: teshimaimashita
tagJ: 〜てしまいました
expE: ~tesimaimasita
noteE: accidentally; unfortunately
JLPT: 0

Front: naiyouni
ないように
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
ないように
Meaning: to avoid
Example: to avoid; to prevent
JLPT Level: 0
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
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Examples
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Alternatively, view this page on Rikai.com
- 指を切らないようにして下さい。
Please make sure you do not cut your finger.
— contributed by: 8021Yoshida
- 音を立てないように歩いてください。
Please walk so as not to make noise.
— contributed by: 8157Dogama
- 20MBを超えるファイルを送信できないように設定する
Specify files exceeding 20MB cannot be sent
— contributed by: 8049kataura
- ご近所に失礼のないように。
Don't be rude to the neighbors.
— contributed by: 8241murayama
- 私は彼が居眠りしないようにした。
I prevented him from having a doze.
— contributed by: 8018Murakami
- 滑らないように、慎重に運転した。
To avoid slipping, I drive carefully.
— contributed by: 8177Tsushima
- 遅刻しないように。
Don't be late.
— contributed by: 8089okita
- もう携帯電話をなくさないようにしてください。
Please make sure you lose your cellphone again.
— contributed by: 8027kudo
- あなたは何もしないように。
Don't you do anything.
— contributed by: 8145wada
- 朝早くに私を起こさないようにしてください。
Please try not to wake me up early in the morning.
— contributed by: 8211Sakakibara
- 約束に遅れないように急いだ。
I hurried so as not to be late for the appointment.
— contributed by: 8185Watanabe
- おつりをごまかされないように気を付けて下さい。
Please be careful not to be cheated!
— contributed by: 8022Ikegami
- 今週はテニスをしないようにしてください。
Please don't play tennis this week.
— contributed by: 8073Takizawa
- 戸が閉まらないようにしておいて。
Please , keep the door open.
— contributed by: 8167Otsuki
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: naiyouni
tagJ: ないように
expE: to avoid
noteE: to avoid; to prevent
JLPT: 0

Front: nidoto
二度と (にどと)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
二度と (にどと)
Meaning: never again
Example: never again
JLPT Level: 0
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
There are currently no notes for this grammar entry. Feel free to add your own if they will help other learners.
Examples
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- 二度とそのような事を言いません。
I'll never say that again.
— contributed by: 8021Yoshida
- 二度とあなたに会いたくない
I want to see you never again.
— contributed by: 8177Tsushima
- 二度と寝坊しないようにします。
I will make sure it won't oversleep again.
— contributed by: 7079Deguchi
- 私は二度と彼女を馬鹿にしないよ。
I never make a fool of her again.
— contributed by: 8018Murakami
- 私は二度と失敗しません。
I'll never fail again.
— contributed by: 5168Nagai
- 家へは二度と帰らないだろう。
I'll never come back home again.
— contributed by: 8185Watanabe
- 二度とそんなことしないで下さい。
Don't do it again.
— contributed by: 8065Eshima
- 二度とあの仕事はしたくない。
I never want to take that job again.
— contributed by: 8220Fukunaga
- 二度と来るな！
Never come here!
— contributed by: 8157Dogama
- 私は二度とそんなことをしないと約束するよ。
I promise it will never happen again.
— contributed by: 8033chiba
- もう二度と嘘はつきません。
I'll never tell a lie yet.
— contributed by: 8027kudo
- これは私にとって二度とないチャンスだ。
This is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for me.
— contributed by: 8145wada
- 二度とそんなことしないと約束します
I promise it'll never happen again.
— contributed by: 8147Isobe
- 私は二度とサッカーをしないだろう。
I'll never play soccer again.
— contributed by: 8211Sakakibara
- 私は二度と失敗しません。
I'll never make a mistake again.
— contributed by: 8167Otsuki
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: nidoto
tagJ: 二度と
tagH: にどと
expE: never again
JLPT: 0

Front: wakeda
〜わけだ
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
〜わけだ
Meaning: of course, expected result
Example: Of course it's cold. ; As you would expect...
JLPT Level: 2
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- The speaker's conclusion obtained through deductive, logical judgement or calculation on the basis of what he has heard or read.
Formation
(i) {V / Adj} (i) inf わけ　だ
　　｛話す・話した｝わけ　だ　(I take it that s.o. talks / talked)
　　｛食べる・食べた｝　わけ　だ (I take it that s.o. eats / ate)
　　｛高い・高かった｝わけ　だ (I take it that s.o. is expensive / was expensive)
(ii) Adj (na) stem ｛な・だった｝わけ　だ
　　｛静かな・静かだった｝わけ　だ　(I take it that s.o. is / was quiet)
(iii) N　｛という・だった｝わけ　だ
　　｛先生という・先生だった｝わけ　だ (I take it that s.o. is / was a teacher)
— contributed by: lenzras
Examples
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Alternatively, view this page on Rikai.com
- また、テロがあったそうだ。空港の手荷物検査が厳重なわけだ。
Looks like there was another case of terrorism. As you'd expect, the inspection of carry-on luggage at the airport is really strict.
— contributed by: PurpleMoose
- 「この部屋寒いですね。」「寒いわけです。窓が開いています。」
"This room's pretty cold, huh." "Of course it's cold. The window is open"
— contributed by: PurpleMoose
- 波が高いわけだ。台風が近づいているんだった。
Of course the waves are high. I mean, there is a typhoon coming.
— contributed by: PurpleMoose
- 子供が４人もいるから、私は毎日がんばって働いているわけです。
I've got four kids, so as you'd expect, I work really hard every day.
— contributed by: PurpleMoose
- この道の辺りは渋滞であって、回り道わけだ
Around of this road A congestion, detour of course
— contributed by: belajar
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: wakeda
tagJ: 〜わけだ
expE: of course, expected result
expJ: 〜（の）は当り前だ　 〜（の）は当然の結果だ
noteE: Of course it's cold. ; As you would expect...
JLPT: 2

Front: verb stem + dasu/dashita
~出す (〜だす)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
~出す (〜だす)
Meaning: begin/start...
Example: Rain started to fall.
JLPT Level: 3
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- Vマス＋だす
— contributed by: Maru1
- This suffix, meaning to start doing something, must be distinguished from a host of compound verbs ending in "dasu," such as 乗り出す(launch), 染出す (dye), 積み出す, (send off), など。I believe it is new Level ３．
— contributed by: american57
Examples
Note: visit WWWJDIC to lookup any unknown words found in the example(s)...
Alternatively, view this page on Rikai.com
- 地震が収まると、みんな家を飛び出した
When the earthquake subsided, everybody started running out of the houses.
— contributed by: Maru1
- 泥棒が警察を見て、突然走り出しました。
When the burglar saw the police he imediately started running.
— contributed by: Maru1
- 彼女は笑い出した。
She started in laughing.
— contributed by: karekano
- 気圧計は昨夜下がり出したが朝には止まった。
The barometer started to fall last night but stopped in the morning.
— contributed by: karekano
- 朝から雨が降り出した。
It began to rain this morning.
— contributed by: karekano
- 先週から疲れを感じ出した。
I began to feel tired since last week.
— contributed by: karekano
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User Comments
- #8212 Correct: She started laughing.
— contributed by: audvix@yahoo.com
Acknowledgments
The sofware code used to make this page uses David 'DC' Collier's jGram Japanese Grammar Database. Visit the jGram site to find more grammar entries or to add your own!
Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: verb stem + dasu/dashita
tagJ: ~出す
tagH: 〜だす
expE: begin/start...
noteE: Rain started to fall.
JLPT: 3

Front: komu
込む (こむ)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
込む (こむ)
Meaning: ...into
Example: to jump into pool
JLPT Level: 2
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- Vマス　＋　込む
— contributed by: Maru1
Examples
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Alternatively, view this page on Rikai.com
- あまり暑いので、プールに飛び込んだ。
Because it was too hot he jumped into the pool.
— contributed by: Maru1
- 心を込めて作りました。
I made it wholeheartedly.
— contributed by: fox
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There are currently no comments for this grammar entry. Feel free to add your own if they will help other learners.
Acknowledgments
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: komu
tagJ: 込む
tagH: こむ
expE: ...into
noteE: to jump into pool
JLPT: 2

Front: toiedomo
といえども
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
といえども
Meaning: even, although, though, even though
Example: Even though I live in Tokyo, there are many sightseeing spots in the city that I don't know.
JLPT Level: 1
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- Ref # A Dictionary of Advanced Japanese Grammar p625
— contributed by: LR
- Ref # Kanzen Master Level 1 - p25 - no.26
— contributed by: LR
- Written Japanese,
Old form of itte mo.
Used in writing or formal speech.
The colloquial version is [toittemo] (Level 2)
— contributed by: LR
Examples
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- 近年、医学が目覚ましく進歩したといえども、病人の数は減少傾向にはない
in recent years, even though you could say medical science has been progressing greatly, the number of sick people has not decreased
— contributed by: LR
- いかに多忙といえども、健康管理を怠ってはならない
Even though you might be so busy, you must not neglect your health
— contributed by: LR
- たとえ外国人といえども「郷に入って、郷に従え」です。
Even though he is a foreigner, it's a case of when in Rome, do as the Romans do.
— contributed by: LR
- 老いたりといえども、まだまだ若いものには負けないつもりだ。
Even though I am getting on a bit, I don't intend to lose out to the youngsters for some time to come.
— contributed by: LR
- いかに日本での生活が長いといえども、言葉の問題には常に遭遇する。
Although I've lived in Japan for a long time, I constantly encounter language problems
— contributed by: LR
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- toittemo
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: toiedomo
tagJ: といえども
expE: even, although, though, even though
expJ: けれども、〜ても、〜であっても (文語体の逆説の表現。後ろには、前の内容から当然予想されることと反対の内容を表すぶんがくることが多い。「いかに〜といえども」や「たとえ〜といえども」のような形をとると、特別な状況を強調する表現になる。)
noteE: Even though I live in Tokyo, there are many sightseeing spots in the city that I don't know.
JLPT: 1

Front: no da
のだ
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
のだ
Meaning: explanation
Example: explanation
JLPT Level: 3
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- No da ist used for formal and written expressions.
It is used to give a sentence a tone of explanation. Or of asking for an explanation, if it is followed by "ka".
The "no" makes the whole preceding part of the sentence into a single noun-like entity.
"no" is often abbreviated to "n" in the common speech.
— contributed by: Stefanie
Examples
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- どうしたんですか。顔色が悪いですよ。
What happened? You are really pale.
— contributed by: Stefanie
- どうしたのですか。頭が痛いのです。
What's wrong with you? I have a headache.
— contributed by: Stefanie
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tagE: no da
tagJ: のだ
expE: explanation
JLPT: 3

Front: koto ni naru
ことになる
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
ことになる
Meaning: it has been decided/arranged that
Example: It has been decided that I will work in Tokyo
JLPT Level: 3
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
There are currently no notes for this grammar entry. Feel free to add your own if they will help other learners.
Examples
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- 主人が仕事で東京にいくことになった。
It has been decided that my husband will go to Tokyo for professional reasons.
— contributed by: Stefanie
- 留学することになりました。
It has been arranged that I will study abroad.
— contributed by: Stefanie
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User Comments
- Same as [kotoninaru], we should merge both articles. Which syntax do we use: seperated by space or in one word?
— contributed by: Nihonjin
Acknowledgments
The sofware code used to make this page uses David 'DC' Collier's jGram Japanese Grammar Database. Visit the jGram site to find more grammar entries or to add your own!
Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: koto ni naru
tagJ: ことになる
expE: it has been decided/arranged that
noteE: It has been decided that I will work in Tokyo
JLPT: 3

Front: ha-3
は
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
は
Meaning: (In mathematics), roughly "is/equals"
Example: 2 plus 3 is? Ni tasu san wa? 二足す三は？
JLPT Level: 0
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- This is from my Barron's Japanese Vocabulary Book.
It appears as though the function is similar to -i adjective, where desu is dropped. Or desu is not needed due to the operators plain verb form.
That or "ha" functions opposite of contrast in this case, and functions as "comparable" as the last example may indicate.
— contributed by: Rinji_HalfElf
Examples
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- Two plus three is five. Ni tasu san ｈa go.
二足す三 は 五。にたすさんはご。
— contributed by: Rinji_HalfElf
- 2 plus 2 is 4. 2 tasu 2 wa 4.
２足す２ は ４。２たす２は４。
— contributed by: Rinji_HalfElf
- Nine minus three is six. Kyuu hiku san ha roku.
九引く三 は 六。きゅうひく三は六。
— contributed by: Rinji_HalfElf
- 8 minus 5 is 3. 8 hiku 5 ha 3.
は 3。8ひく5は3。
— contributed by: Rinji_HalfElf
- One times seven is seven. Ichi kakeru shichi ha shichi.
一掛ける七は七。いちかけるしちはしち。
— contributed by: Rinji_HalfElf
- Zero times zero is zero. Rei Kakeru rei ha rei.
0掛ける0は0。れいかけるれいはれい。
— contributed by: Rinji_HalfElf
- Ten divided by two is five. Jyuu waru ni ha go.
十割る二 は ご 。じゅうわる二は五。
— contributed by: Rinji_HalfElf
- 8 divided 2 is 4. 8 waru 2 ha 4.
8割る2は4。8割る2は4。
— contributed by: Rinji_HalfElf
- Twelve is to four as nine is to three. Jyuuni tai yon ha kyuu tai san.
十二たい四 は 九たい三。じゅうにたいよんはきゅうたいさん。
— contributed by: Rinji_HalfElf
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User Comments
- I edited 7839, because it had a redundant は.
Do you need to add です to make it a polite speech? For example, is it expected of a person in a formal presentation to say 二足す三は五です?
— contributed by: Celesta
Acknowledgments
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: ha-3
tagJ: は
expE: (In mathematics), roughly "is/equals"
noteE: 2 plus 3 is? Ni tasu san wa? 二足す三は？
JLPT: 0

Front: toiukotodesune
ということですね (と云う事ですね)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
ということですね (と云う事ですね)
Meaning: your message is that ...
Example: you are coming to tokyo tomorrow,right?
JLPT Level: 3
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- ということですね. is an expression for confirming information obtained from another person.
but two points should be observed while using this expression:-
[1] when just confirming a fact.
-the content to be confirmed is simply repeated or summarized.
Ex-(a ) あした 10じ から かいぎ を はじめる と つたえて いただきたいんですが...
--あした の かいぎ は 10じから という こと です ね.
[2]when confirming an action of another person.
-if the person is superior or not close to you,certain words need to be replaced with honorific words.in addition,if the speaker uses the words like 'there',meaning the location of the listner,then it should be replaced with 'here' while confirming.
Ex-(a)あした そちら へ いく と つたえて いただきたいん です が.
--あした こちら へ いらっしゃる と いう こと です ね.
— contributed by: Ashishjoshi
Examples
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- 少しずつそうなったということですね
its a gradual thing,isn't it?
— contributed by: Ashishjoshi
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: toiukotodesune
tagJ: ということですね (と云う事ですね)
tagH: ということですね
expE: your message is that ...
noteE: you are coming to tokyo tomorrow,right?
JLPT: 3

Front: tomokagiranai
とも限らない (ともかぎらない)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
とも限らない (ともかぎらない)
Meaning: there's a chance that, it could be that
Example: There's a chance I might be transfered overseas in the future, so I'm going to learn English.
JLPT Level: 2
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- Informal clause + とは限らない/とも限らない
With 〜とは限らない、what comes before is not 100% guaranteed.
With 〜ないとも限らない what comes before it is not unlikely to happen (i.e. there is a possibility).
は or も? - も is for emphasis.
— contributed by: leviathon
Examples
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- 将来海外に転勤しないとも限らないから、英語を勉強しておこう。
There's a chance I'll get transferred overseas in the future, so I'm going to learn English.
— contributed by: leviathon
- 試験の日に、風邪をひかないとも限らない。
You never know, you might end up catching a cold on the day of the test.
— contributed by: leviathon
- 彼らが、明日の試合に絶対勝てるとは限らない。
There's no guarantee they are going to win tomorrow's match.
— contributed by: leviathon
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: tomokagiranai
tagJ: とも限らない
tagH: ともかぎらない
expE: there's a chance that, it could be that
noteE: There's a chance I might be transfered overseas in the future, so I'm going to learn English.
JLPT: 2

Front: kakeda
かけだ
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
かけだ
Meaning: in the middle of something
Example: these files are yet to be completed.
JLPT Level: 2
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- [v(-masu)+kake] is a pattern used to show that something was stopped in the middle or before the actual completion.
— contributed by: ashishjoshi
Examples
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- お風呂に入りかけたときに電話が鳴った。
The phone rang when I was about to get in the bath.
— contributed by: hungry-sumo
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tagE: kakeda
tagJ: かけだ
expE: in the middle of something
expJ: 何か始めたけれど、途中で止めてしまいました。完成はまだです。
noteE: these files are yet to be completed.
JLPT: 2

Front: madeni
までに
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
までに
Meaning: by __[day, date, time, etc.]__
Example: Turn in the report by Friday.
JLPT Level: 3
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- までに is giving a time limit which must be kept. Finishing the required action before is also fine.
In opposition まで denotes an action etc. which continues until the given time and does not finish before.
— contributed by: Chad
- Cannot be used with continuous action/state, such as "aru/iru". See made de for subtle difference.
— contributed by: american57
Examples
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- 明日までにそれを済ませてしまうべきです。
You ought to have done it by tomorrow.
— contributed by: karekano
- お昼までに戻らないといけない。
(I) need to be back by noon.
— contributed by: mdchachi
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tagE: madeni
tagJ: までに
expE: by __[day, date, time, etc.]__
noteE: Turn in the report by Friday.
JLPT: 3

Front: kotonashini
ことなしに
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
ことなしに
Meaning: In examples such as "Without A, I can't do B" where, without Action A, there is no possibility of B
Example: If you don't obtain the permission of the teacher in charge, you cannot change your registered classes
JLPT Level: 1
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- Ref # Kanzen Master Level 1 - p16 - no.13
— contributed by: LR
Examples
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- 良いお返事をいただくことなしに、帰るわけにはまいりません
I cannot return without a good answer
— contributed by: LR
- 担当教師の許可を得ることなしに、履修科目の変更はできない。
Without the permission of the teacher in charge, you may not change your registered classes.
— contributed by: LR
- 外相は「真の相互理解に基づく関係は、領土問題を解決して平和条約を締結することなしには構築し得ない」
The foreign minister said "a relationship built on genuine mutual understanding means that without solving the territorial dispute and completing the peace treaty, we cannot secure construction works"
— contributed by: LR
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- nashini (kotonashini is {verb (dict. form) + kotonashini}
nashini is {noun + nashini}
kotonashini expresses things that aren't possible without the preceding clause
nashini is mostly instructional - "don't come in without knocking", "you can't enter university without the proper forms")
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tagE: kotonashini
tagJ: ことなしに
expE: In examples such as "Without A, I can't do B" where, without Action A, there is no possibility of B
expJ: 〜（し）ないで、Aの動作をしないでは、Bの可能性はないという内容を表す
noteE: If you don't obtain the permission of the teacher in charge, you cannot change your registered classes
JLPT: 1

Front: dehaarumaishi
ではあるまいし
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
ではあるまいし
Meaning: "It's not as if" giving a reason why something should not be how it is
Example: It's not as if we're going to climbing a mountain in winter, so you don't need such overstated clothing
JLPT Level: 1
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- Ref # Kanzen Master Level 1 - p20 - no.20
— contributed by: LR
- {VERB (dict. form / たform) / NOUN} + ではあるまいし / じゃあるまいし
— contributed by: LR
- Spoken Japanese
— contributed by: LR
Examples
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- 冬山登山をするのではあるまいし、そんな大げさ格好は要りません
we're not exactly climbing mountains in mid-winter, so there's no need for that sort of over-the-top clothing
— contributed by: LR
- こどもではあるまいし、暗い所が怖いなんて、おかしいですね。
It's not like he's a child so to be afraid of the dark is just bizarre isn't it?
— contributed by: LR
- 幽霊が現れたんじゃあるまいし、そんな驚いた顔をするなよ。
It's not like a ghost jumped out at you, quit giving me such a startled face.
— contributed by: LR
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: dehaarumaishi
tagJ: ではあるまいし
expE: It's not as if giving a reason why something should not be how it is
expJ: 〜ではないのだから　理由を表す。
noteE: It's not as if we're going to climbing a mountain in winter, so you don't need such overstated clothing
JLPT: 1

Front: toatte
とあって
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
とあって
Meaning: Because ~; ~ as expected; because ~, naturally ~; Introduces an expected reason for some circumstance that is different from the usual situation.
Example: Because this is the series of holidays after the bonus season, (unsurprisingly), all the tourist spots are crowded.
JLPT Level: 1
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- Ref # Kanzen Master Level 1 - p21 - no.21
— contributed by: LR
- Ref # A Dictionary of Advanced Japanese Grammar p613
— contributed by: LR
Examples
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- ボーナス後の連休とあって、観光地はどこも人でいっぱいだ。
Because this is the series of holidays after the bonus season, unsurprisingly, all the tourist spots are crowded.
— contributed by: LR
- 夏休みが始まったとあって、子供たちはみんな嬉しそうだ。
Summer vacation has begun, so the children all look happy.
— contributed by: LR
- 人気スターがやって来るとあって、空港は大勢の人たちが待ち受けていた
because a popular star is coming, a large crowd gathered to meet him at the airport
— contributed by: LR
- 掃除が終わったらお菓子がもらえるとあって、子供たちは一生懸命手伝っている。
Because they know they'll get sweets after they finish cleaning, the children are doing their very best to help out.
— contributed by: LR
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tagE: toatte
tagJ: とあって
expE: Because ~; ~ as expected; because ~, naturally ~; Introduces an expected reason for some circumstance that is different from the usual situation.
noteE: Because this is the series of holidays after the bonus season, (unsurprisingly), all the tourist spots are crowded.
JLPT: 1

Front: yueni
故に, 故の (ゆえに, ゆえの)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
故に, 故の (ゆえに, ゆえの)
Meaning: Due to, therefore (formal, written)
Example: She also has many worries due to her good looks.
JLPT Level: 1
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- Ref # Kanzen Master Level 1 - p24 - no.23
— contributed by: LR
- Ref # A Dictionary of Advanced Japanese Grammar p745
— contributed by: LR
- can be used at the beginning of a setence:
I think. Therefore I am.
我思う。ゆえに我在り。
— contributed by: LR
- The second clause cannot usually be in the past tense, unless the result (2d clause) is ongoing. So, になった　is OK for the predicate because it tells of the circumstances today.
— contributed by: american57
Examples
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- 動かぬ証拠があるゆえに、有罪が確定した
because of the rock-solid evidence, his guilt was proven
— contributed by: LR
- 彼女はその美貌の故に、悩みも多い。
Because of her good looks, she also has many things to worry about.
— contributed by: LR
- 結果にこだわりすぎるがゆえに、小さなことに心を奪われることになる。
Because you want the end result to be perfect, you end up being distracted by the little things,
— contributed by: LR
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User Comments
- I have my doubts about example 7888 because it is past tense and the proving has finished. So, I think "yue ni" cannot be used here. However, if the predicate were "yuuzai hanketsu ni natta" or "yuuzai de aru" ("is a guilty verdict" or "is guilty"), it may be grammatical.
The second clause cannot be a completed action, per Dictionary of Advanced Japanese Grammar p.747. Examples 7889 and 7890 are copied from that book verbatim and should be credited to it.
— contributed by: american57
Acknowledgments
The sofware code used to make this page uses David 'DC' Collier's jGram Japanese Grammar Database. Visit the jGram site to find more grammar entries or to add your own!
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tagE: yueni
tagJ: 故に, 故の
tagH: ゆえに, ゆえの
expE: Due to, therefore (formal, written)
noteE: She also has many worries due to her good looks.
JLPT: 1

Front: tokorowo
ところを
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
ところを
Meaning: despite a certain time / despite a certain situation
Example: Thank you for seeing me despite being so busy.
JLPT Level: 1
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- Ref # Kanzen Master Level 1 - p25 - no.28
— contributed by: LR
- Mentioned in Ref # A Dictionary of Advanced Japanese Grammar p314 under 中を entry
— contributed by: LR
- Used most often when the action of one's speaking partner expresses considerateness towards someone. - We would like to thank you for coming in spite of the heavy rain etc.
— contributed by: LR
- iadj + tokoro wo
N + no + tokoro wo
— contributed by: drjuly
Examples
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- お忙しいところをおいで下さいまして、ありがとうございます。
Thank you so much for coming, despite being so busy.
— contributed by: LR
- 本日は、雨で足元が大変悪いところを、このようにたくさんの方にご参加いただきまして、誠にありがとうございます。
We are very thankful that so many people could participate even though it's so terrible underfoot, due to the rain.
— contributed by: LR
- お休みのところをお邪魔致しまして、垂ｵ訳ありません。
I deeply apologise for intruding on you despite it being your holiday.
— contributed by: LR
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: tokorowo
tagJ: ところを
expE: despite a certain time / despite a certain situation
expJ: 〜時（なの）に・状況（なの）に　・相手の状況を配慮する阜ｻとして、話の前置きに用いることも多い。
noteE: Thank you for seeing me despite being so busy.
JLPT: 1

Front: (yo)uga,(yo)uto
(よ)うが, (よ)うと　ようが　ようと
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
(よ)うが, (よ)うと　ようが　ようと
Meaning: "even if", "no matter what" (people say etc.), strong expression that contains the idea of concession
Example: Even if people say I'm stubborn or stupid, I'll do what I believe.
JLPT Level: 1
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- Ref # Kanzen Master Level 1 - p29 - no.33
— contributed by: LR
- Ref # A Dictionary of Advanced Japanese Grammar p740
— contributed by: LR
- VERB (~う形) + ようが 　 (書こうが)（言われようが）
いadj. stem + かろうが 　(多かろう)
なadj. stem + だろうが　 （上手だろうが）
NOUN + だろうが　　　 （作品だろうが）
— contributed by: LR
Examples
Note: visit WWWJDIC to lookup any unknown words found in the example(s)...
Alternatively, view this page on Rikai.com
- 人がなんと言おう（と/が）、私は自分の子供を信じている。
Whatever other people say, I believe my child
— contributed by: LR
- 頑固と言われよう（と／が）バカと言われよう（と／が）、私は自分の信じることをやります。
Even if people say I'm stubborn or stupid, I'll do what I believe in.
— contributed by: LR
- あの教授は学生が分かろう（と／が）分かるまい（と／が）かまわず授業を進めていく。
That professor keeps lecturing regardlesss of whether his students understand it or not.
— contributed by: LR
- 報酬が多かろう（と／が）少なかろう（と／が）私はやるべきことをやるだけだ。
Whether the compensation is high or low, I'll just do what I have to do.
— contributed by: LR
- 周囲に反対されようが、自分でやると決めた以上は最後までやり抜くつもりだ
even if those around me disagree, once I've decided I'll do it, I'll give it my all
— contributed by: LR
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User Comments
- I can't add examples, the system says: "Sorry - 'youga,youto' doesn't exist so I can't add any examples!". Can someone help me?
— contributed by: karekano
- wakatta
— contributed by: tasnimsuaib
Acknowledgments
The sofware code used to make this page uses David 'DC' Collier's jGram Japanese Grammar Database. Visit the jGram site to find more grammar entries or to add your own!
Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: (yo)uga,(yo)uto
tagJ: (よ)うが, (よ)うと　ようが　ようと
expE: even if, "no matter what" (people say etc.), strong expression that contains the idea of concession
expJ: close to ても、ようとも
noteE: Even if people say I'm stubborn or stupid, I'll do what I believe.
JLPT: 1

Front: toaimatte
と相まって (とあいまって)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
と相まって (とあいまって)
Meaning: Coupled with, together with
Example: In many countries, water and air polution is coupled with progressive environmental destruction
JLPT Level: 1
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- Ref # Kanzen Master Level 1 - p40 - no.36
— contributed by: LR
- {NOUN1} + {と} + {NOUN2} + (と) + {が} + {相まって} is a frequent pattern.
実力と運とが相まって、彼を成功に導いた。
(His ability coupled with luck brought about his success.)
— contributed by: LR
Examples
Note: visit WWWJDIC to lookup any unknown words found in the example(s)...
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- 多くの国々では、水や空気の汚染と相まって、環境破壊が進んでいる
In many countries, water and air polution is coupled with progressive environmental destruction
— contributed by: LR
- 実力と運とが相まって、彼を成功に導いた。
His ability coupled with luck brought about his success.
— contributed by: LR
- そのゲームはかわいいキャラクターと魅力的なストーリーがあいまって、多くのユーザーに支持されたヒット作品となった。
That game featured cute characters coupled with a charming story, so it became a big hit supported by many users.
— contributed by: LR
- コーチの指導力と選手のやる気が相まって、優勝できた。
The coach's leadership abilities coupled with the player's motivation lead to the victory
— contributed by: LR
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: toaimatte
tagJ: と相まって
tagH: とあいまって
expE: Coupled with, together with
expJ: といっしょになって
noteE: In many countries, water and air polution is coupled with progressive environmental destruction
JLPT: 1

Front: tada~nominarazu
ただ〜のみならず
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
ただ〜のみならず
Meaning: Not only ~ (but also ~); not only that. Used in comparison, juxtaposition, and analogy - literary language. Formal, written.
Example: I heard that she didn't just look after the the elderly man who'd fallen over, she took him all the way home
JLPT Level: 1
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- Ref # Kanzen Master Level 1 - p44 - no.40
— contributed by: LR
- Ref # A Dictionary of Advanced Japanese Grammar p461
— contributed by: LR
Examples
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Alternatively, view this page on Rikai.com
- 富士山はただ高いのみならず、姿も美しいので、日本の象徴として愛されている。
Mount Fuji is not just a high mountain, it has a beautiful shape so it is loved as a symbol of Japan.
— contributed by: LR
- 彼はただ勇敢であるのみならず、優しい心の持ち主である。
He is not only brave, but the owner of a kind heart.
— contributed by: LR
- これからの企業は単に利益を追求するのみならず、環境に配慮した生産活動を行わなければならない。
Today's companies should not just pursue profits; they should also consider envrionmental protection issues in their production activities.
— contributed by: LR
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Acknowledgments
The sofware code used to make this page uses David 'DC' Collier's jGram Japanese Grammar Database. Visit the jGram site to find more grammar entries or to add your own!
Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: tada~nominarazu
tagJ: ただ〜のみならず
expE: Not only ~ (but also ~); not only that. Used in comparison, juxtaposition, and analogy - literary language. Formal, written.
expJ: 「AのみならずB(まで)(も)」の形でも用い、「ただ」がつくと、より強調する阜ｻとなる。
noteE: I heard that she didn't just look after the the elderly man who'd fallen over, she took him all the way home
JLPT: 1

Front: naimademo
ないまでも
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
ないまでも
Meaning: expressing the speaker's feeling that although an ideal action or state isn't possible, at least the next best action or stat is or should be available
Example: Although you may not be able to call this public performance a great success, it produced results of a sort.
JLPT Level: 1
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- Ref # Kanzen Master Level 1 - p44 - no.41
— contributed by: LR
- Ref # A Dictionary of Advanced Japanese Grammar p305
— contributed by: LR
- Often used with the verb 言う　{~言えないまでも~}
but can be used with other verbs too.
"We may not be able to call this === but at least we can say it is"
— contributed by: LR
- {VERB ない 形} + ないまでも
— contributed by: LR
Examples
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Alternatively, view this page on Rikai.com
- この公演は大成功とは言えないまでも、それなりの成果をもたらした。
Although you may not be able to call this public performance a great success, it produced results of a sort.
— contributed by: LR
- 彼の論文は決して多くないまでも、その質は非常に高い。
Although he hasn't published many papers at all, the quality of those he has published is extremely high.
— contributed by: LR
- 彼が犯人だと断定できないまでも、いろいろと怪しいところがある
Even though we can't conclude he's the culprit, he has many suspicious points
— contributed by: LR
- この彫刻は完璧とは言えないまでも、非常に可柏ｫを感じさせる作品だった。
The sculpture may not be called a perfect work, but it is a work that makes you feel there is much potential.
— contributed by: LR
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: naimademo
tagJ: ないまでも
expE: expressing the speaker's feeling that although an ideal action or state isn't possible, at least the next best action or stat is or should be available
noteE: Although you may not be able to call this public performance a great success, it produced results of a sort.
JLPT: 1

Front: tsu~tsu
〜つ〜つ
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
〜つ〜つ
Meaning: Used to express passive and active actions happening at once.
Example: push and be pushed. go and come back, chase and be chased
JLPT Level: 1
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- Ref # Kanzen Master Level 1 - p48 - no.47
— contributed by: LR
- {VERB ますstem + つ} {VERB (passive?) ますstem + つ}
— contributed by: LR
- Set Phrases
さしつさされつ
Exchanging sake cups
ためつすがめつ
Scrutiny, taking a good look
くんずほぐれつ
Locked in a grapple
— contributed by: LR
Examples
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- ラシューアワーの車内で乗客は押しつ押されつしている
in a rush-hour train, the passengers push and are pushed
— contributed by: LR
- 彼が通りを行きつ戻りつしているのが見えた
I saw him walking up and down the street.
— contributed by: LR
- 遠くに見えつ隠れつする富士山
Mt. Fuji appearing and disappearing in the distance
— contributed by: LR
- 彼と僕とは持ちつ持たれつだ
He and I manage to get along (somehow) by supporting each other.
— contributed by: LR
- A社とは長年の付き合いで、持ちつ持たれつの関係にある。
We have been working with A company for a long time, so we have a relationship based on give and take.
— contributed by: LR
- 世の中はみな、もちつもたれつ、困った時はお互い様ですよ。
The whole world is give and take , when someone is in trouble we are all of equal status in this regard!
— contributed by: LR
- 久しぶりに旧友に会い、さしつさされつ、夜遅くまで語り合った。
I met an old friend for the first time in a long time, and we stayed up late talking and pouring each other drinks
— contributed by: LR
- 彼女はそのセーターをためつすがめつして、買おうかどうしようかと迷っている。
She scrutinised the sweater and was lost over whether or not to buy it.
— contributed by: LR
- 数人の男たちが組んずほぐれつの大げんかを始めた
Several men got into a wild scuffle.
— contributed by: LR
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: tsu~tsu
tagJ: 〜つ〜つ
expE: Used to express passive and active actions happening at once.
noteE: push and be pushed. go and come back, chase and be chased
JLPT: 1

Front: deare~deare
〜であれ〜であれ
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
〜であれ〜であれ
Meaning: Whether X or Y; A structure that means "no matter which one is the case"
Example: No matter if one is famous or nameless, life is short.
JLPT Level: 1
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- Ref # Kanzen Master Level 1 - p48 - no.48
— contributed by: LR
- Ref # A Dictionary of Advanced Japanese Grammar p70
— contributed by: LR
- {NOUN1 / なadj.stem1} + であれ + {NOUN2 / なadj.stem2} + であれ
— contributed by: LR
Examples
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Alternatively, view this page on Rikai.com
- 男性であれ、女性であれ、人間としての権利は同じはずだ。
Whether one is a man or a woman, one's rights as a human being should be the same.
— contributed by: LR
- 有名であれ、無名であれ、人生は短い。
No matter if one is famous or nameless, life is short.
— contributed by: LR
- 注射であれ飲み薬であれ、良く効く薬はかえって副作用が心配だ
Whether it's an injection or oral medecine, I worry that drugs that work well will have adverse side-effects.
— contributed by: LR
- 父は菓子であれ、果物であれ、甘い者は一切口にしない。
My father won't eat any anything sweet, whether it be sweets or fruit.
— contributed by: LR
- 正社員であれ、パートであれ、仕事に対する責任は変わりません。
Whether a full time employee or a part-timer, your duty to your job is the same.
— contributed by: LR
- あの学者は哲学であれ、言語学であれ、人類学であれ、同じように精通している。
That scholar is well-versed in a number os subjects, whether it be philosophy, linguistics or anthropology
— contributed by: LR
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There are currently no comments for this grammar entry. Feel free to add your own if they will help other learners.
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The sofware code used to make this page uses David 'DC' Collier's jGram Japanese Grammar Database. Visit the jGram site to find more grammar entries or to add your own!
Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: deare~deare
tagJ: 〜であれ〜であれ
expE: Whether X or Y; A structure that means "no matter which one is the case"
noteE: No matter if one is famous or nameless, life is short.
JLPT: 1

Front: toii~toii
〜といい〜といい
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
〜といい〜といい
Meaning: In terms of both ~ and ~; in terms of ~ as well as ~; from the perspective of both ~ and ~
Example: From the perspective of the colour as well as the design, this suit is a good match for you
JLPT Level: 1
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- Ref # Kanzen Master Level 1 - p49 - no.49
— contributed by: LR
- Ref # A Dictionary of Advanced Japanese Grammar p628
— contributed by: LR
- {NOUN1 + といい} + {NOUN2 + といい}
— contributed by: LR
- This grammatical structure is used to present multiple perspectives when describing a person or a thing. It is often used to provide the speaker's / writer's judgment of the person or thing.
— contributed by: LR
Examples
Note: visit WWWJDIC to lookup any unknown words found in the example(s)...
Alternatively, view this page on Rikai.com
- このスーツ、色といいデザインといい、お客様はよく似合いですよ
From the perspective of the colour as well as the design, this suit is a good match for you
— contributed by: LR
- 内容といい話し方といい、見事なスピーチでした。
It was a splendid speech in terms of content as well as delivery.
— contributed by: LR
- 家柄といい学歴といい、彼は非の打ちどころがない。
He is just perfect, both in terms of his family and educational background.
— contributed by: LR
- スピードといいパワーといい、今の彼に勝てる選手はいない。
No player can beat him now in terms of either speed or power.
— contributed by: LR
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User Comments
- Could it be that いい is the stem of the verb 言う? Or perhaps the expression originated from that?
— contributed by: Hanne
Acknowledgments
The sofware code used to make this page uses David 'DC' Collier's jGram Japanese Grammar Database. Visit the jGram site to find more grammar entries or to add your own!
Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: toii~toii
tagJ: 〜といい〜といい
expE: In terms of both ~ and ~; in terms of ~ as well as ~; from the perspective of both ~ and ~
noteE: From the perspective of the colour as well as the design, this suit is a good match for you
JLPT: 1

Front: nari~nari
〜なり〜なり
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
〜なり〜なり
Meaning: either.... or....
Example: Either you must come here or I must go there.
JLPT Level: 1
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- Ref # Kanzen Master Level 1 - p49 - no.50
— contributed by: LR
- Ref # A Dictionary of Intermediate Japanese Grammar p223
— contributed by: LR
Examples
Note: visit WWWJDIC to lookup any unknown words found in the example(s)...
Alternatively, view this page on Rikai.com
- ジュースなりコーラなり、お好きなものをどうぞ
juice.. cola.. have whatever you like
— contributed by: LR
- 君が来るなり，僕が行くなりしなくてはならない
Either you must come here or I must go there.
— contributed by: LR
- 勉強ばかりしていいないで、たまには外に遊びに行くなりスポーツをするなりして、気分転換をしたらどうですか。
Instead of studying all the time, once in a while why don't you go outside and play or play sports and do something for a change of pace sometimes?
— contributed by: LR
- 風邪を引いたのなら、薬を飲むなり何なりすればよかったのに
If you caught a cold, it would have been better if you'd taken some medicine or done something (instead of doing nothing)
— contributed by: LR
- うろうろ探しまわらないで、交番で聞くなりすれば良かったのに
It would have been better if you'd gone and asked the police or something instead of lingering around searching for it.
— contributed by: LR
- 英語なりスペイン語なり、なんか外国語を身につけたい。
Either English or Spanish, I kind want to master a foreign language.
— contributed by: LR
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: nari~nari
tagJ: 〜なり〜なり
expE: either.... or....
noteE: Either you must come here or I must go there.
JLPT: 1

Front: (yo)uto~mai, (yo)uga~mai
(よ)うと〜まい, (よ)うが〜まい, ようと〜まい, よう
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
(よ)うと〜まい, (よ)うが〜まい, ようと〜まい, よう
Meaning: Regardless of whether or not
Example: Regardless of whether it rains or not, I'm going out.
JLPT Level: 1
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- Ref # Kanzen Master Level 1 - p49 - no.51
— contributed by: LR
- Parital Ref # A Dictionary of Advanced Japanese Grammar p741 - Key Sentence C
— contributed by: LR
Examples
Note: visit WWWJDIC to lookup any unknown words found in the example(s)...
Alternatively, view this page on Rikai.com
- 雨が降ろうが降るまいが、私は出かけます
Regardless of whether it rains or not , I'm going out
— contributed by: LR
- パーティに参加しようがするまいが、会費は全員払わなければならない。
Regardless of whether or not you go to the parties, all members must pay the membership fees.
— contributed by: LR
- 昔の恋人が結婚しようとしまいと、今の私に関係ないことです。
Whether my childhood sweetheart gets married or not, it's got nothing to do with me now.
— contributed by: LR
- あの教授は学生がわかろうと分かるまいとかまわず授業を進めて行く
That professor keeps lecturing, regardless of whether his students understand it or not.
— contributed by: LR
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User Comments
- I can't add examples because the system says: "Sorry - 'youto~mai, youga~mai' doesn't exist so I can't add any examples!", can someone help me? Aside that I can't add examples, or edit the grammar entry, it says that I'm not logged in, but if I try to log in, it says that I'm already logged in...
— contributed by: karekano
Acknowledgments
The sofware code used to make this page uses David 'DC' Collier's jGram Japanese Grammar Database. Visit the jGram site to find more grammar entries or to add your own!
Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: (yo)uto~mai, (yo)uga~mai
tagJ: (よ)うと〜まい, (よ)うが〜まい, ようと〜まい, よう
expE: Regardless of whether or not
noteE: Regardless of whether it rains or not, I'm going out.
JLPT: 1

Front: younimonai
ようにも〜ない
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
ようにも〜ない
Meaning: even though ~ try / want to ~; although ~ be thinking of doing; A conjunctive phrase that indicates concession: "even though s.o. tries to do s.t., he/she cannot do it for some reason"
Example: I have a terrible headache, and I cannot get up even though I want to
JLPT Level: 1
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- Ref # Kanzen Master Level 1 - p52 - no.52
— contributed by: LR
- Ref # A Dictionary of Advanced Japanese Grammar p730
— contributed by: LR
Examples
Note: visit WWWJDIC to lookup any unknown words found in the example(s)...
Alternatively, view this page on Rikai.com
- 頭が痛くて、起きようにも起きられなかった
I have a terrible headache, and I cannot get up even though I want to
— contributed by: LR
- 新しいパソコンを買おうにも、お金がなくて買えない。
Even though I want to buy a new computer, I don't have the money so I can't.
— contributed by: LR
- 会社を辞めようにも、次の仕事が見つからない。
Even though I think of quitting the company, I can't find another job so I can't.
— contributed by: LR
- 寿司を作ろうにも材料が手に入らない。
Even though I want to make sushi, I cannot get the ingredients
— contributed by: LR
- 母は僕の日本人のガールフレンドと話そうにも日本語ができなかった。
Even though my mother wanted to talk to my Japanese girlfriend, my mother couldn't because she can't speak Japanese.
— contributed by: LR
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tagE: younimonai
tagJ: ようにも〜ない
expE: even though ~ try / want to ~; although ~ be thinking of doing; A conjunctive phrase that indicates concession: "even though s.o. tries to do s.t., he/she cannot do it for some reason"
expJ: しようとしてもできない; したいのにできない
noteE: I have a terrible headache, and I cannot get up even though I want to
JLPT: 1

Front: tobakarini
とばかりに
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
とばかりに
Meaning: as if; as if ~ were convinced that; as if ~ believed that; as if ~ decided that
Example: Takemoto vented his long held complaints as if he were convinced this was the time to do so
JLPT Level: 2
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- BE CAREFUL not to confuse ばかりに with とばかりに.
ばかりに is for indicating a single factor that causes a negative situation and is formed
{VERB-past-tense / いadj. / なadj.stem / NOUN} +ばかりに
とばかりに indicates that s.o does s.t in such a way that s.o. is convinced that something is the case - "思い立ったが吉日とばかりにエアロビクスを始めました。
I began aerobics believing that the day you think of something is an auspicious day to start it." and is formed
{direct quotation / indirect quotation / noun} + とばかりに
See [bakarini]
— contributed by: LR
- Ref # Kanzen Master Level 1 - p63 - no.56
— contributed by: LR
- Ref # A Dictionary of Advanced Japanese Grammar p618
— contributed by: LR
- On the difference between とばかりに and と言わんばかりに
と言わんばかりに"as if to say", and というように"in such a way that, as if to say" are synonymous with とばかりに and can be used in place of とばかりに in some cases.
However, you can't say と言わんばかりabout yourself: "The fog finally cleared so I ran outside as if to say this is my only chance" would be weird in Japanese (surely you don't need to guess your own thinking), but in this sentence you could use とばかりに and it would be more like "The fog finally cleared so I ran outside as if it was my only chance"
see [toiwanbakarini]
— contributed by: LR
Examples
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- 課長は余計な質問はするなとばかりに私ににらみつけた。
My section chief glared at me as if to tell me not to ask any unnecessary questions.
— contributed by: LR
- 霧が晴れたので私がチャンスとばかりに写真を撮りまくった。
The fog had cleared, so I took pictures furiously, as if it were my only chance.
— contributed by: LR
- 竹本はこの時とばかりに日頃の不満を吐き出した。
Takemoto vented his long-held complaints as if he were convinced this was the time to do so.
— contributed by: LR
- 彼女が舞台に登場すると、「待ってました！」とばかりに大きな拍手が起こった
she appeared on the stage, and as if everyone had been waiting, huge applause broke out
— contributed by: LR
- 彼女は、信じられないとばかりに、口を開けたまま彼を見つめていた。
She just stared at him with her mouth wide open as if she didn't believe him.
— contributed by: LR
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: tobakarini
tagJ: とばかりに
expE: as if; as if ~ were convinced that; as if ~ believed that; as if ~ decided that
noteE: Takemoto vented his long held complaints as if he were convinced this was the time to do so
JLPT: 2

Front: nitaenai2
〜堪えない (〜にたえない)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
〜堪えない (〜にたえない)
Meaning: Emphasizing a strong emotional reaction either good or bad
Example: I'm absolutely furious about the way he treats me.
JLPT Level: 1
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- On the difference between [nitaienai1] and [nitaienai2]
There are two たえないs of note in the Japanese language... hurray.　How to distinguish them?
[nitaienai1] is for saying you just can't stand something and should be constructed from VERB辞書形 + にたえない
[nitaienai2] is for saying that you have a strong emotional reaction to something - "氏の当会へのご援助はまことに感謝に堪えません｜We cannot be too grateful to him for the help he has given our society." and should be constructed NOUN + たえない.
Both are on the old JLPT 1 syllabus, if anyone knows what's on the new N1, please advise
— contributed by: LR
- Ref # Kanzen Master Level 1 - p94 - no.88
— contributed by: LR
Examples
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- 色々お世話になりまして、感謝にたえません
you've been so good to me, I really want to thank you
— contributed by: LR
- 氏の当会へのご援助はまことに感謝にたえません
We cannot be too grateful to him for the help he has given our society.
— contributed by: LR
- 彼の私に対する態度は憤慨に堪えない
I'm absolutely furious about the way he treats me.
— contributed by: LR
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: nitaenai2
tagJ: 〜堪えない
tagH: 〜にたえない
expE: Emphasizing a strong emotional reaction either good or bad
expJ: ~をとても強く感じる・話してがそのことに対して強い感情を持っているときに用いる。
noteE: I'm absolutely furious about the way he treats me.
JLPT: 1

Front: womotte2
〜をもって (を以て)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
〜をもって (を以て)
Meaning: By means of, via, through - method by which you do / achieve something
Example: Inform by letter
JLPT Level: 1
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- Ref # Kanzen Master Level 1 - p71 - no.68
— contributed by: LR
- On the difference between [womotte1] and [womotte2]
[womotte1] is a Time phrase
meaning "at" - marks beginnings, ends, or borders between times.
It is often used as a greeting to お客 with the extended form をもちまして.
[womotte2] is the method by which you do something - victory achieved via effort, announcement made via a blackboard.
Both are formal, both are NOUN + をもって
be careful.
— contributed by: LR
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- 彼は人一倍の努力をもって優勝カップを手にすることができた
with his amazing efforts, we were able to get the champion's cup
— contributed by: LR
- こんな難問は、優秀な彼の頭脳をもってしても解決できないだろう。
Even with his brilliant mind, such a difficult problem cannot be resolved.
— contributed by: LR
- 身をもってその仕事の大変さを知った
I learned [from experience / firsthand] how hard the work was.
— contributed by: LR
- 彼の迫ﾍをもってすれば，この問題の解決は容易であろう
With his ability, he should be able to solve the problem easily.
— contributed by: LR
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tagE: womotte2
tagJ: 〜をもって (を以て)
tagH: 〜をもって
expE: By means of, via, through - method by which you do / achieve something
expJ: 道具や手段を表す。〜で。
noteE: Inform by letter
JLPT: 1

Front: tekartoiumono
てからというもの
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
てからというもの
Meaning: Ever Since s.t. changed
Example: Ever since the daughter returned, her aging father has really perked up
JLPT Level: 1
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- Ref # Kanzen Master Level 1 - p6 - no.8
— contributed by: LR
- This expression means "ever since ~", and is appended to the V て form to indicate that a behavior, perception, or situation has undergone a major change as the result of a certain occurence. It conveys surprise, admiration, or similar feelings regarding the change.
— contributed by: LR
Examples
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- 娘が帰って来てからというもの、年老いた父親を見違えるほど元気になった
Ever since the daughter returned, her aging father has really perked up
— contributed by: LR
- 水泳を習い始めてからというもの、冬でも風邪を引かなかった。
Ever since I started learning how to swim, even in winter, I don't catch a cold.
— contributed by: LR
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tagE: tekartoiumono
tagJ: てからというもの
expE: Ever Since s.t. changed
expJ: てから後はずっと
noteE: Ever since the daughter returned, her aging father has really perked up
JLPT: 1

Front: ni wataru, ni watatte
にわたる,にわたって (にわたる, にわたって)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
にわたる,にわたって (にわたる, にわたって)
Meaning: for,over,extending,stretching,ranging,covering
Example: the Olympic games were held for sixteen days . オリンピックが16日間にわたって開かれた.
JLPT Level: 2
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
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- にわたる
1)Guarantee covers the scope of wiring as well as piping work. ni wataru
— contributed by: ashishjoshi
- 1)保証は、配線および配管工事の範囲にわたる。
— contributed by: ashishjoshi
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- other pages (http://www.jisho.org/words?jap=niwatatte&eng=&dict=edict
and sentences
http://www.jisho.org/sentences?jap=%E3%81%AB%E3%82%8F%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6)
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tagE: ni wataru, ni watatte
tagJ: にわたる,にわたって
tagH: にわたる, にわたって
expE: for,over,extending,stretching,ranging,covering
noteE: the Olympic games were held for sixteen days . オリンピックが16日間にわたって開かれた.
JLPT: 2

Front: hodo-2
ほど-2
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
ほど-2
Meaning: to the extent of; to the extent that ~; (not as) ~ as ~ ; about [REL. bakari; kurai]
Example: (Lit, I'm not strong as Lenz's extent. (=I'm not as strong as Lenz))
JLPT Level: 3
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- 1. When hodo is preceded by a noun, the predicate must be negative. The following sentence is ungrammatical.
*私は太郎ほどつよい。
(I am as strong as Taro.)
If a sentence or a demonstrative modifies hodo, however, the predicate of the main clause can be either affirmative or negative.
その仕事はそれほど易しいんですか。
Is that job that easy (lit. easy to that extent)?
When hodo is used with a quantifier, it means 'about'. Example:
ビールを三本ほど飲みました。
(I drank about three bottles of beer.)
— contributed by: lenzras
Examples
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- 僕は君ほど速く歩けません。
I can't walk as fast as you can.
— contributed by: lenzras
- ジェニファーほどよく勉強する学生はいない。
There is no student who studies as hard as Jennifer.
— contributed by: lenzras
- 私は西田さんがあれほどピアノが弾けるは思わなかった。
I didn't think that Mr. Nishida could play the piano that well . (lit. to that extent)
— contributed by: lenzras
- ルイスさんの日本語は太田先生も外国人だと気づかなかったほど上手です。
Mr. Lewis's Japanese is so good that even Prof. Ota didn't notice he was a foreigner.
— contributed by: lenzras
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- くらい (ばかり and くらい also means 'about' when they are used with a number and a counter. The difference among the three is that ばかり　and ひど　can be used with an exact number or amount of something, whereas くらい　cannot.
その　りんごを二つばかり/ほど/*くらいください。)
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tagE: hodo-2
tagJ: ほど-2
expE: to the extent of; to the extent that ~; (not as) ~ as ~ ; about [REL. bakari; kurai]
expJ: 私はレンズほど強くありません。
noteE: (Lit, I'm not strong as Lenz's extent. (=I'm not as strong as Lenz))
JLPT: 3

Front: uchini-3
うちに
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
うちに
Meaning: An unforseen change that occured during a described time frame.
Example: 一週間の外国出張のうちに、近くの公園の桜が全部散ってしまった。Ｗhile overseas on a one-week business trip, all of the cherry blossoms in the nearby park had fallen.
JLPT Level: 2
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
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- 今は上手に話せなくても練習を重ねるうちに上手になる。
Though you may not speak well now, as your practice continues you will improve.
— contributed by: komainu
- Though you may not speak well now, as your practice continues you will improve.
— contributed by: komainu
- 友達に誘われて何回か山登りをしているうちに、僕も山が好きになった。
While being invited many times by a friend to go mountain climbing, I too began to like mountains.
— contributed by: komainu
- While being invited many times by a friend to go mountain climbing, I too began to like mountains.
— contributed by: komainu
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tagE: uchini-3
tagJ: うちに
expE: An unforseen change that occured during a described time frame.
expJ: はじめは予想しなかったような変化が現すことを表す。
noteE: 一週間の外国出張のうちに、近くの公園の桜が全部散ってしまった。Ｗhile overseas on a one-week business trip, all of the cherry blossoms in the nearby park had fallen.
JLPT: 2

Front: mitamewatomokaku
見た目はともかく (みためはともかく)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
見た目はともかく (みためはともかく)
Meaning: Whether (it/he/she~) is~~~or not,
Example: Whether it looks good or not,...........
JLPT Level: 2
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- This is used with:
Noun は ともかく Noun は/が..........
Also you can add として after ともかく:
Noun は ともかく[として] Noun は/が..........
— contributed by: expandover
Examples
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- [見た目] indicates appearance.
— contributed by: expandover
- あの女優は、顔はともかくとして演技がすばらしい。
Whether she is a good looking or not, she is a great actress.
— contributed by: expandover
- 母の料理は見た目はともかく味は美味しい。
My mother's cooking is delicious, whether it looks good or not.
— contributed by: expandover
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: mitamewatomokaku
tagJ: 見た目はともかく
tagH: みためはともかく
expE: Whether (it/he/she~) is~~~or not,
noteE: Whether it looks good or not,...........
JLPT: 2

Front: kanawanai
かなわない
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
かなわない
Meaning: (I/he/she/....) can not stand.....
Example: I can not stand the noise from ......
JLPT Level: 2
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- We can use kanawanai with い-adj by dropping the I at the end of the い-adj and use くて
For な-adj we drop な and use で　instead...
— contributed by: expandover
Examples
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- 隣の工場がうるさくてかなわない。
I can not stand the noise from the construction going on nest door.
— contributed by: expandover
- 私の家は,駅から遠くて不便でかなわない
I can not stand the inconvenience due to the fact my house is far from the station.
— contributed by: expandover
- ３時間も待つなんてかなわない。
I can`t stand to wait for three hours.
— contributed by: karekano
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User Comments
- Kanau has the meaning of match and compare too.
— contributed by: karekano
Acknowledgments
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: kanawanai
tagJ: かなわない
expE: (I/he/she/....) can not stand.....
noteE: I can not stand the noise from ......
JLPT: 2

Front: warini(wa)
割りに(は) (わりに(は))
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
割りに(は) (わりに(は))
Meaning: comparatively; very...
Example: 年の割りに若く見える.= She looks young for her age./値段の割りに品がいい. = The quality is reasonably good for its price.
JLPT Level: 1
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- 割りに
【副詞】
comparatively, relatively
関連のある状態で
(in a relative manner)
the situation is relatively calm now 状態は今比較的穏やかである
— contributed by: Linka
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User Comments
- It wouldn't let me add example sentences. Let's try a comment.
Crime doesn't pay.
犯罪は割に合わない。
(She's) skilled for a first grader.
一年生の割に上手ですね。
— contributed by: mdchachi
Acknowledgments
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: warini(wa)
tagJ: 割りに(は)
tagH: わりに(は)
expE: comparatively; very...
expJ: 想像/卵z以上に; 他とくらべて思った以上であったり、かなりの程度であるさま。
noteE: 年の割りに若く見える.= She looks young for her age./値段の割りに品がいい. = The quality is reasonably good for its price.
JLPT: 1

Front: Te Form of Verbs
て形 (てけい)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
て形 (てけい)
Meaning: An easy method to conjugating verbs into te form.
Example: Kau (to buy)→ kaimasu→katte
JLPT Level: 4
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- In regular I(ru-verbs) verbs such as 食べる one simply needs to drop the る and add て.
In regular II(u-verbs) verbs such as 買う one then can conjugate the verb into it's ます form. From there you simply follow the chart below.
e.g.
買う→買[い]ます→買って
書く→書[き]ます→書いて
勉強する→勉強[し]ます→勉強して
遊ぶ→遊[び]ます→遊んで
Irregulars: 来て、して
※This can be sung to help you remember, use the tune of "London Bridge is Falling Down"※
い,ち,り→って
き→いて
し→して
ぎ→いで
に,み,び→んで
い,ち,り→って
に,み,び→んで　
________________________________________________________________
To make a verb past tense simply change て to た.
— contributed by: RyukyuBoss
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User Comments
- te-form
(godan doushi) 頑張る=ganbaru → 頑張って=ganbatte
(ichidan doushi) 食べる=taberu → 食べて=tabete
(sahen doushi) する=suru → して=shite
(kahen doushi) 来る=kuru → 来て=kite
http://bahasajepangbersama.blogspot.com/2014/02/cara-mengubah-kata-kerja-ke-bentuk-te.html
http://japaneselearningonline.blogspot.com/2015/04/learn-japanese-verb-conjugation-te-form.html
— contributed by: riizhu
Acknowledgments
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: Te Form of Verbs
tagJ: て形
tagH: てけい
expE: An easy method to conjugating verbs into te form.
noteE: Kau (to buy)→ kaimasu→katte
JLPT: 4

Front: arumajiki
あるまじき
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
あるまじき
Meaning: It's not proper
Example: It's not a proper action for a professional artist to steal others compositions.
JLPT Level: 1
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
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- 他人の文章を盗んで書くとは、プロの作家にあるまじき行為だ。
It's not a proper action for a professional artist to steal others compositions.
— contributed by: poderesx
- その言葉は市長にあるまじきものであった。
That remark was unworthy of a mayor.
— contributed by: karekano
- 人のお金を盗むとは、警察官にあるまじき行為だ。
Stealing someone's money is not proper conduct for a police officer.
— contributed by: Mili
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tagE: arumajiki
tagJ: あるまじき
expE: It's not proper
expJ: 〜立場の人にあってはならない　　〜立場の人はしてはいけない
noteE: It's not a proper action for a professional artist to steal others compositions.
JLPT: 1

Front: mitai na
みたいな
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
みたいな
Meaning: like, alike to
Example: Kodomo mitai na- like a child. Otona wa kodomo mitai na hanashite imasu= the adult is talking like a child. Tenshi mitai na= like an angel. Kodomo wa tenshi mitai na nete imasu- the child is sleeping like an angel.
JLPT Level: 4
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
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- 私の兄は子供みたいです。
— contributed by: mrLonely0401
Acknowledgments
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tagE: mitai na
tagJ: みたいな
expE: like, alike to
expJ: mitai na= alike
noteE: Kodomo mitai na- like a child. Otona wa kodomo mitai na hanashite imasu= the adult is talking like a child. Tenshi mitai na= like an angel. Kodomo wa tenshi mitai na nete imasu- the child is sleeping like an angel.
JLPT: 4

Front: ~ no you na
〜のような (〜の様な)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
〜のような (〜の様な)
Meaning: just like, alike to, similar to
Example: Kanojo wa marude tori no you ni tonde imasu = she's flying just like a bird! (tonde imasu= flying, tobimasu- fly)
JLPT Level: 3
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- ~のような (〜の様な), usually written in kana, means "like, similar to"; compare to ~ようだ [youda] meaning "seeming to be, appearing to be" and usually written at sentence-end, and 〜ように [youni]* meaning "in order to (e.g. meet goal), so that".
*〜ように [youni] at the end of a sentence indicates hope, wish, request or mild command.
— contributed by: pandahart
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tagE: ~ no you na
tagJ: 〜のような (〜の様な)
tagH: 〜のような
expE: just like, alike to, similar to
noteE: Kanojo wa marude tori no you ni tonde imasu = she's flying just like a bird! (tonde imasu= flying, tobimasu- fly)
JLPT: 3

Front: koto ni suru
ことにする (ことになる)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
ことにする (ことになる)
Meaning: (I/you/he/she/we/they) has/have decided that...
Example: I have decided that I'll do the test.
JLPT Level: 0
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
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- たばこを止めることにしました。
I have decided to quit smoking.
— contributed by: ドラコ1416
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User Comments
- http://jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=kotonisuru aren't they the same?
— contributed by: monol0g
- Yes, they are the same, but I can't change it... maybe some 'moderator' could take a look...
— contributed by: karekano
Acknowledgments
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tagE: koto ni suru
tagJ: ことにする
tagH: ことになる
expE: (I/you/he/she/we/they) has/have decided that...
noteE: I have decided that I'll do the test.
JLPT: 0

Front: Q~demo
Q~でも (〜でも)
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
Q~でも (〜でも)
Meaning: Question word + demo = Question word + ever. (Whenever, wherever, whatever, whoever)
Example: 何でもいいです. "Anything is good".
JLPT Level: 0
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
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Examples
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- Q. ピクニックは どこが　いいですか？　A. どこでも いいです。
Q. Where is the best spot for a picnic? A. Anywhere will do. (Whenever will be okay)
— contributed by: jellyflight
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tagE: Q~demo
tagJ: Q~でも
tagH: 〜でも
expE: Question word + demo = Question word + ever. (Whenever, wherever, whatever, whoever)
noteE: 何でもいいです. "Anything is good".
JLPT: 0

Front: nakereba narimasen
なければなりません
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
なければなりません
Meaning: must ____; really should _____; it won't do if you don't ____.
Example: You must use the large envelope.
JLPT Level: 3
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- Use conditional negative verb "ba" form + "narimasen" (or "naranai" for informal/written). The Japanese is a double negative: "It will not do if you do not _____." Tends to be translated as "must _____" but is maybe not always that strong. A relative of "-te ha ikemasen."
手袋を持ってこなければならない。
Tebukuro wo motte konakereba naranai. You must bring gloves.
— contributed by: american57
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- 野菜を食べなければなりません。
You must eat your vegetables.
— contributed by: Sakuratree
- お店で卵を買わなければなりません。なければなりません。
I have to buy eggs at the store. なければなりません
— contributed by: Sakuratree
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tagE: nakereba narimasen
tagJ: なければなりません
expE: must ____; really should _____; it won't do if you don't ____.
noteE: You must use the large envelope.
JLPT: 3

Front: kai.
かい。
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
かい。
Meaning: (A type of question mark)
Example: Will you go as far as Kita Senju?
JLPT Level: 3
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- Equivalent to a question mark. Used mostly in informal male speech. Grammatical only for questions that can be answered "yes/no" (see also "dai"). Unsuitable to ask a superior a question. To the cab driver: "Kita Senju made itte kureru kai?" Will you go as far as Kita Senju for me?
— contributed by: american57
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tagE: kai.
tagJ: かい。
expE: (A type of question mark)
expJ: 質問に
noteE: Will you go as far as Kita Senju?
JLPT: 3

Front: ka shira.
かしら。
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
かしら。
Meaning: I wonder if...　（A type of question mark)
Example: Is she the ikebana teacher?
JLPT Level: 3
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- A type of weak question mark. Tends to be in informal speech but unlike "kai" and "dai" can sometimes be used after "desu". Asks questions in an indirect way, so tends to be in female speech more than male speech. Nevertheless, men use it. Can be used for both yes/no questions and questions requiring more substantial answers. To a friend: "Achira ikebana no sensei ka shira." I wonder if that is the ikebana teacher over there... "Sono obi ha dou yatte somerareta ka shira." I wonder how that obi was dyed. To say "wondered" (past tense) use "ka shira to omotta."
— contributed by: american57
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tagE: ka shira.
tagJ: かしら。
expE: I wonder if...　（A type of question mark)
expJ: 質問に
noteE: Is she the ikebana teacher?
JLPT: 3

Front: rokuni
ろくに〜ない
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
ろくに〜ない
Meaning: not enogh , not much
Example: There are many people who complain that Japanese is too difficult but do not study enough
JLPT Level: 2
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
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- ろくに彼女と話をする暇もない.
I have hardly enough time to talk [have a chat] with her.
— contributed by: vis
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- Is this JLPT 2? It does not appear on my lists and books for that level
— contributed by: DrJones
Acknowledgments
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tagE: rokuni
tagJ: ろくに〜ない
expE: not enogh , not much
noteE: There are many people who complain that Japanese is too difficult but do not study enough
JLPT: 2

Front: doushitemo
どうしても
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
どうしても
Meaning: absolutely, surely, by all means, no matter what, at any cost; after all
Example: No matter what I did, Tom wouldn't do what I told him.
JLPT Level: 3
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
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- どうしても事故は起こるものだ。
No matter what, accidents will happen.
— contributed by: haijin
- どうしても痩せたい
I'd like to lose weight no matter what.
— contributed by: ayamaguchi17
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tagE: doushitemo
tagJ: どうしても
expE: absolutely, surely, by all means, no matter what, at any cost; after all
noteE: No matter what I did, Tom wouldn't do what I told him.
JLPT: 3

Front: tabi, tabi ni
たび、たびに
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
たび、たびに
Meaning: each time, every time whenever
Example: Windows Messenger にサインインするたびに、プログラムをアップグレードするように求められます。 [ex #731]
JLPT Level: 2
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
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- あの日の出来事を思い出すたびに、涙を止められない。
Every time I remember the events of that day, I cannot stop the tears.
— contributed by: tess4aria
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tagE: tabi, tabi ni
tagJ: たび、たびに
expE: each time, every time whenever
noteE: Windows Messenger にサインインするたびに、プログラムをアップグレードするように求められます。 [ex #731]
JLPT: 2

Front: karashite- 2
からして
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
からして
Meaning: Since; because; Consequently
Example: 今年の収支は赤字であるからして、来年はなんとか黒字にしよう。
JLPT Level: 0
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- From "A dictionary of Japanese Particles", page 65.
It is equivalent to "から" or "ので".
接続：動詞 + からして
— contributed by: leonardo.stylish
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- 今年の収支は赤字であるからして、来年はなんとか黒字にしよう。
Our balance sheet is in the red this year; consequently ,let's try to somehow come out on top next year.
— contributed by: leonardo.stylish
- そういう噂からして、あの二人は近々結婚するだろう。
Since that sort of rumor is going around, consequently, it's likely that those two will get married soon.
— contributed by: leonardo.stylish
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- kara
- node
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tagE: karashite- 2
tagJ: からして
expE: Since; because; Consequently
noteE: 今年の収支は赤字であるからして、来年はなんとか黒字にしよう。
JLPT: 0

Front: tonokotoda
とのこと
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
とのこと
Meaning: according to
Example: According to a telephone call from Mrs. Koizumi, the arrival will be late 10 minutes.
JLPT Level: 0
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
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tagE: tonokotoda
tagJ: とのこと
expE: according to
expJ: [引用の文・語句]+とのことだ
noteE: According to a telephone call from Mrs. Koizumi, the arrival will be late 10 minutes.
JLPT: 0

Front: dearouga
であろうが
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
であろうが
Meaning: A or B doesn't matter, at least I want C
Example: Wheather Mini or Air, in any case I want an IPad
JLPT Level: 0
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- Pattern:
N であろうが　N　であろうが(FerrariであろうがJaguarであろうが)
N だろうが　N　だろうが　(FerrariだろうがJaguarだろうが)
V　しようが　V　しようが (印刷しようが手で書こうが）
V　〜ようが　V　〜ようが (食べようが飲もうが）
A　かろうが　A　かろうが (寒かろうが熱かろうが)
— contributed by: Ricky
- A であろうが　B　であろうが、C
It's used to indicate, that it doesn't matter if it's going to be A or B (one of the two) , but in any case C want to be obtained.
— contributed by: Ricky
- 「絶対」という感じがついている
— contributed by: Ricky
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- iPadが欲しい。ミニだろうがエアーだろうが欲しい。
I want an iPad. Doesn't matter if Mini or Air, in any case I want it
— contributed by: Ricky
- 住みやすかろうが住みにくかろうが、大事なのは家賃が低いことです
Doesn't matter if it's nice to live there or not (nice to live), the important thing is a cheap rent
— contributed by: Ricky
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- to iwazu (The difference is, that, iwazu means "A, B, or anything else", whereas dearouga is limited to only A and B)
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tagE: dearouga
tagJ: であろうが
expE: A or B doesn't matter, at least I want C
noteE: Wheather Mini or Air, in any case I want an IPad
JLPT: 0

Front: (short present) + to (ii desu ne / iin desu ga)
と いいですね　/　いいんですが
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
と いいですね　/　いいんですが
Meaning: you can use the present tense short form + (to ii desu ne) to hope something good happens for others. If you hope for your own good, use (to iin desu ga). if the action is under your control, you should first change the verb to potential form.
Example: ii arubaito ga aru to ii desu ne / shiken ga yasashii to ii n desu ga / daigaku ni ikeru to ii n desu ga
JLPT Level: 0
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
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tagE: (short present) + to (ii desu ne / iin desu ga)
tagJ: と いいですね　/　いいんですが
expE: you can use the present tense short form + (to ii desu ne) to hope something good happens for others. If you hope for your own good, use (to iin desu ga). if the action is under your control, you should first change the verb to potential form.
noteE: ii arubaito ga aru to ii desu ne / shiken ga yasashii to ii n desu ga / daigaku ni ikeru to ii n desu ga
JLPT: 0

Front: toiunoni
というのに
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
というのに
Meaning: Although; Despite
Example: 「止めなさい！」というのに、彼女は聞きません。
JLPT Level: 0
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- See also:
1. http://ww8.tiki.ne.jp/~tmath/language/jpverbs/lesson41.htm
2. http://maggiesensei.com/2010/04/24/request-lesson-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%86toiu-%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%86%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%EF%BC%88toiukoto-and-many-more/
3. http://japanese-tutorial.blogspot.com.es/2008/08/express-although-using-to-iu-noni.html
— contributed by: leonardo.stylish
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: toiunoni
tagJ: というのに
expE: Although; Despite
expJ: なのに；だけど
noteE: 「止めなさい！」というのに、彼女は聞きません。
JLPT: 0

Front: -nakattarou probable negative plain form
〜なかったろう
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〜なかったろう
Meaning: Probable negative plain verbform. As in, "he probably did not go." Same meaning as -nandarou 〜なんだろう.
Example: 私　は　今　程　に　立派　では　なかったろう、と　思い　ます。(I don't think it could have been nearly as impressive as it is now.)
JLPT Level: 0
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- This entry is the plain (casual) form. The polite (masu) form is 〜ません　でしたろう (-masen deshitarou).
The verbform is in an English textbook for learning Japanese from 1906, listed directly alongside 〜なんだろう (-nandarou). No explanation is given for how the two were different, but the book in general seems to list the 2-3 most popular forms of each wordform throughout the whole of Japan (ignoring if it's only in standard language or not). There aren't any actual example sentences of it in the book because in dialogues they only used polite forms.
The positive form (he probably did go) is 〜たろう.
— contributed by: marbuljon
Examples
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Acknowledgments
The sofware code used to make this page uses David 'DC' Collier's jGram Japanese Grammar Database. Visit the jGram site to find more grammar entries or to add your own!
Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: -nakattarou probable negative plain form
tagJ: 〜なかったろう
expE: Probable negative plain verbform. As in, "he probably did not go." Same meaning as -nandarou 〜なんだろう.
noteE: 私　は　今　程　に　立派　では　なかったろう、と　思い　ます。(I don't think it could have been nearly as impressive as it is now.)
JLPT: 0

Front: nonasa
のなさ
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のなさ
Meaning: lack of something
Example: I am appalled by his lack of his common sense
JLPT Level: 0
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- 能力のなさ
lack of ability
— contributed by: yousei42
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tagE: nonasa
tagJ: のなさ
expE: lack of something
noteE: I am appalled by his lack of his common sense
JLPT: 0

Front: narau
Back: Today's Grammar Entry...
Meaning: to learn with/ from someone
Example: To learn something from someone in a private lesson or in a class.
JLPT Level: 0
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
User-contributed Notes
- Not to be confused with manabu/ benkyoo-suru, which do not have to be an instruction involving a teacher.
— contributed by: rsode
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagJ: 習う
tagH: ならう
expE: to learn with/ from someone
noteE: To learn something from someone in a private lesson or in a class.
JLPT: 0

Front: yokumo~monoda
よくも〜ものだ
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よくも〜ものだ
Meaning: How the hell is it possible, that ...?
Example: How the hell could someone like him, who never studied during school, become a teacher?
JLPT Level: 0
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Examples
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- こんな大きなケーキをよくもひとりで食べられるものだ
How the hell could he eat a cake that big all by himself?
— contributed by: yousei42
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: yokumo~monoda
tagJ: よくも〜ものだ
expE: How the hell is it possible, that ...?
noteE: How the hell could someone like him, who never studied during school, become a teacher?
JLPT: 0

Front: kotode
ことで
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ことで
Meaning: by doing this　(meant to highlight a method or means)
Example: By listening to Japanese music, you will become better.
JLPT Level: 3
⇒ View online at jGram.org ⇐
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Examples
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- あなたは日本の音楽を聞くことで上手になります。
By listening to Japanese music, you will become better. (at understanding Japanese) By listening to Japanese music
— contributed by: miamimo8
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Other fields (not shown on cards):
tagE: kotode
tagJ: ことで
expE: by doing this　(meant to highlight a method or means)
noteE: By listening to Japanese music, you will become better.
JLPT: 3