Quick Navigation
Causative, Passive, Passive-Causative and Natural Potential Verb Forms Below is a chart summarizing the causative, passive, passive-causative and natural potential verb forms. I stole it from the most excellent book, Making Sense of Japanese by Jay Rubin. I can't recommend this book enough – it is one of the best study books I have purchased and it provides the best discussion of wa and ga I have seen. All chart entries are complete sentences, with implied subjects, objects, and agents, using the transitive verb kaku (書く- to write). All the verb forms have been put into the perfective –た form as you would most likely encounter them in real-life and they have been translated using first-person singular subjects and masculine third-person singular pronouns for simplicity, employing the feminine at two points to indicate the presence of a third party. The emphasis here is on the number of players involved and direction of the action, not levels of respect.
|